Early & Daniel Co.

Text (OCR of the scan at left; may contain errors)

In THe Marrer oF EARLY & DANIEL CO.

‘COMPLAINT, SETTLEMENT, FINDINGS, AND ORDER IN REGARD TO THE AL- LEGED VIOLATION OF SUBSEC. (a) OF SEC. 2 OF AN ACT OF CONGRESS APPROVED OCT. 15, 1914, AS AMENDED BY AN ACT APPROVED JUNE 19, 1936 Docket 5978. Complaint, Mar. 24, 1952—Decision, Aug. 6, 1952 Where a corporation engaged in the manufacture and competitive interstate sale and distribution of animal feed products of various types, under the brand name “Tuxedo”; which, during the year ending March 81, 1949, sold about 240,000 tons or 4,800,000 sacks of said feeds, amounting to $18,254,000 in gross sales; . .

In selling its said feed products, primarily to retail dealers, through its “Tuxedo volume rebate schedule”, pursuant to which it paid to dealers who qualified— who, for the period ending May 81, 1949, numbered only about 356 of some 2,000 dealer purchasers—dividends, discounts, rebates or refunds— Discriminated in price between different purchasers by selling to some at higher prices than it sold products of like grade and quality to others actively engaged in competition with one another in their resale, through use of a sliding scale whereby any dealer who purchased an annual minimum of 120 tons or 2,400 sacks, or their equivalent, of said feeds received, in the form of cash or credit memoranda, applicable on past or future purchases, discounts, rebates or refunds at the rate of 25¢ per ton upon purchases ranging from 2,400 to 3,599 hundred-pound sacks or its equivalent, and proportionally higher rebates ranging up to $2.50 per ton upon purhases up to 60,000 sacks or more; :

Effect of which discriminations in price might be substantially to lessen competition or tend to create monopoly in the line of commerce in which it was engaged and to injure, destroy and prevent competition between it and other manufacturers and sellers of animal feed products; and to injure, destroy and prevent competition between customers who received the benefits of such discriminations and competing dealer purchasers who did not: Held, That such plans, acts and practices were in violation of the provisions of See. 2 (a) of the Clayton Act, as amended by the Robinson-Patman Act. Before Ir. James A. Purcell, hearing examiner. Mr. Fletcher G. Cohn and Mr. Robert F, Quinn for the Commission. Dinsmore, Shohl, Sawyer & Dinsmore, of Cincinnati, Ohio, for respondent.

Complaint Pursuant to the provisions of an Act of Congress entitled “An Act to supplement existing laws against unlawful restraints and monopolies, and for other purposes,” approved October 15, 1914 (Clayton Antitrust Act), as amended by an Act of Congress approved June 19, 1936 (Robinson-Patman Act), the Federal Trade Commission, having EARLY & DANIEL CO. 109 108 Complaint reason to believe that the respondent named in the caption hereof, and hereinafter more particularly described, has violated and is now violating the provisions of section 2 (a) of said Act, hereby issues its complaint, stating its charges with respect thereto as follows: ParacraPH 1. Respondent Early & Daniel Co., hereinafter referred to as “respondent Early & Daniel,” is a corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State of Ohio, with its general offices and principal place of business located at Chamber of _Commerce Building, city of Cincinnati, State of Ohio. Par. 2, The respondent Early & Daniel, for several years last past and more particularly since June 19, 1936, has been engaged and is now engaged in the manufacture, sale and distribution of animal feed products of various types. Said animal feed products manufactured, sold and distributed by respondent are known as “Tuxedo” brand feeds. The said feeds are usually sold by the respondent in 100 lb. sacks, primarily to retail dealers in animal feed products. During the year ending May 31, 1949, respondent sold approximately 240,000 tons or 4,800,000 sacks of said feeds, which amounted to gross sales of $18,254,000.

Respondent’s manufacturing plants are located in Cincinnati, Ohio; Sumter, South Carolina; and Tampa, Florida. It likewise owns and operates some 13 warehouses for the storage and distribution of said feeds, located in the following States: Delaware, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Florida.

- Said respondent Early & Daniel sells and distributes, in commerce, as “commerce” is defined in the Clayton Antitrust Act, as amended by the Robinson-Patman Act, said animal feed products to retail dealers located in various States of the United States. Respondent causes said animal feed products, when sold, to be transported and shipped from its respective manufacturing plants and warehouses in the several States of the United States, across State lines, to the purchasers thereof, located in various States of the United States other than where such shipments originate. Respondent maintains and has maintained during all times mentioned herein a course of trade in said products, in commerce, among and between the several States of the United States.

Par. 38. In the course and conduct of its business, as aforesaid, respondent, particularly since June 19, 1936, has been engaged in substantial competition with other persons, partnerships, firms and corporations which likewise manufacture animal feed products and which sell and seek to sell and distribute said products in commerce between 260133—55———11 Complaint 499 FNC.

and among the several States of the United States to retail feed dealers, except insofar as such competition has been or may be affected by the acts and practices hereinafter alleged. Par. 4. In the course and conduct of its business, as aforesaid, since on or about January 1, 1938, respondent has been, and is now, discriminating in price between different purchasers of its animal feed products of like grade and quality by selling such products to some of its purchasers at higher prices than it sells these said products of like grade and quality to others of its purchasers who are in competition one with the other in the sale of said products within the United States.

Some of the purchases, which are involved in such discriminations, were, and are, in commerce and the animal feed products so involved were and are sold for use, consumption or resale within the United States.

Par. 5. Among the aforesaid price discriminations are those which were and are accomplished by a plan instituted by the respondent on or about January 1, 1938. Since then, this plan, known as the “Tuxedo Volume Rebate Schedule” has been utilized continuously and is still utilized by the respondent in the sale and distribution in the aforesaid commerce of its animal feed products.

The plan is that some of respondent’s dealers are paid an annual discount, refund or rebate on their total purchases of such feeds for the period beginning June 1 each year and ending May 31, of the following year. Such discount, refund or rebate is computed on the basis of the total number of tons of “Tuxedo” feeds purchased during the period. There is a sliding scale whereby the rate of discount, refund or rebate per ton is proportionally higher according to the total “number of 100 Ib. sacks of such feeds which are purchased during the period. Any dealer who purchases a minimum of 120 tons, or 2,400 such sacks, or their equivalent of said feeds, during the aforesaid period is the recipient of the minimum volume discount, refund or rebate at the rate of 25 cents per ton or 114 cents per sack on such purchases from respondent during said period. Should a dealer’s total purchases not aggregate this required minimum, such dealer receives no volume discount, refund or rebate on his purchases. As respondent’s dealers purchase larger volume quantities of said animal feeds, they obtain discounts, refunds or rebates which are computed at a higher rate per ton, according to the following schedule of total purchases during such period:

EARLY & DANIEL CO. 111 108 Complaint 100-lb. sacks (or equivalent) : Rebate per ton Under 2,400. None 2,400-3,599 --- $0.25 3,600-4,799 00 .

4,800-7,199 1.00 7,200-9,599 1.10 9,600-11,999 1. 20 12,000-17999. po-ane eee eee 1. 30 18,000-23,999 _.--__-.-_--- eee 1.50 24,000-35,999_----_____--_-____-__- 1.75 36,000-47,999 --. 2.90 48,000-59,999 2, 25 60,000 or more 2. 50 For the period ending May 31, 1949, of the approximately 2,000 dealers to whom respondent sold such feeds, only about 356 received volume discounts, refunds or rebates under the aforesaid schedule, in the total amount of $224,636. To such dealers, respondent paid discounts, refunds or rebates in the. form of cash or credit memoranda on past purchases or which could be applied on future purchases by them.

Respondent does not enter into any agreements with animal feed dealers whereby said dealers are required to sell “Tuxedo” brand feeds to the exclusion of competitive brands of feeds produced by other manufacturers. Most of the dealers to whom respondent sells its animal feed products purchase and sell one or more competitive brands of such products.

Par. 6. The effect of the discriminations in price, as alleged herein, and any part or fraction thereof, may be substantially to lessen competition or tend to create a monopoly in the respondent in the line of commerce in which it has been and is now engaged, and to injure, destroy or prevent competition between the respondent and other manufacturers and sellers of animal feed products, and in the line of commerce in which the customers of the respondent, their dealer purchasers, are engaged, may be to injure, destroy or prevent competition between those customers, who in purchasing respondent’s products receive the benefits of such discriminations which respondent grants, as hereinbefore set forth, and those competing dealer purchasers from the respondent who do not receive such benefits. Par. 7. The foregoing described plan, acts and practices of respondent are in violation of the provisions of subsection (a) of section 2 of the Clayton Antitrust Act, as amended by the Robinson-Patman Act, approved June 19, 1936.

1125 1 1 1 1 2 997 482 163 23 96.507729 FEDERAL5 1 1 1 1 3 1186 482 115 24 96.077911 TRADES 1 1 1 1 4 1330 483 228 26 96.199829 COMMISSIONS 1 1 1 1 5 1585 485 189 25 96.365509 DECISIONS4 1 1 1 2 0 1229 566 808 32 -1 5 1 1 1 2 1 1229 566 126 26 96.401070 Consents 1 1 1 2 2 1375 567 169 26 96.918358 Settlements 1 1 1 2 3 1870 572 34 24 87.897186 495 1 1 1 2 4 1923 572 114 26 51.975536 F.T.C.4 1 1 1 3 0 1177 644 412 29 -1 5 1 1 1 3 1 1177 648 155 23 95.898666 CONSENTS 1 1 1 3 2 1345 650 223 23 96.088036 SETTLEMENTS 1 1 1 3 3 1577 644 12 15 62.266346 12 1 2 0 0 0 718 721 1321 1996 -1 3 1 2 1 0 0 730 721 1309 401 -1 4 1 2 1 1 0 775 721 1264 45 -1 5 1 2 1 1 1 775 721 173 32 96.462883 Pursuant5 1 2 1 1 2 962 725 35 29 96.869667 to5 1 2 1 1 3 1013 722 57 32 96.983246 thes 1 2 1 1 4 1085 722 190 41 96.573151 provisions5 1 2 1 1 5 1291 724 38 31 96.080887 of5 1 2 1 1 6 1345 734 43 22 96.620430 an5 1 2 1 1 7 1403 725 67 31 96.365761 Acts 1 2 1 1 8 1486 725 37 33 96.584572 of5 1 2 1 1 9 1540 725 166 41 95.952614 Congress5 1 2 1 1 10 1721 726 141 33 94.868271 entitled5 1 2 1 1 11 1879 726 76 34 94.868271 “An5 1 2 1 1 12 1970 728 69 32 96.777931 Acta 1 2 1 2 0 735 773 1301 43 -1 5 1 2 1 2 1 735 775 34 29 96.180779 to5 1 2 1 2 2 794 773 214 41 95.875679 supplements 1 2 1 2 3 1033 773 148 43 96.297630 existing5 1 2 1 2 4 1206 774 82 33 96.542732 laws5 1 2 1 2 5 1315 773 134 43 95.982796 against5 1 2 1 2 6 1474 776 169 33 96.117058 unlawful5 1 2 1 2 7 1669 776 178 34 96.570076 restraints5 1 2 1 2 8 1873 779 67 32 92.489494 ands 1 2 1 2 9 1967 790 69 21 92.489494 mo-4 1 2 1 3 0 733 822 1303 48 -1 5 1 2 1 3 1 733 822 160 42 91.908974 nopolies,5 1 2 1 3 2 911 823 68 32 96.689354 ands 1 2 1 3 3 996 823 56 32 96.940216 for5 1 2 1 3 4 1069 824 95 31 96.318604 others 1 2 1 3 5 1180 824 194 42 96.318604 purposes,”5 1 2 1 3 6 1392 827 173 41 96.136269 approved5 1 2 1 3 7 1583 826 144 34 96.909660 October5 1 2 1 3 8 1747 830 49 39 96.517258 15,5 1 2 1 3 9 1815 830 80 31 93.196632 19145 1 2 1 3 10 1919 827 117 43 92.636063 (Clay-4 1 2 1 4 0 734 872 1302 49 -1 5 1 2 1 4 1 734 876 57 29 96.533707 tons 1 2 1 4 2 806 872 100 43 95.730942 Act),5 1 2 1 4 3 922 884 37 22 96.799942 as5 1 2 1 4 4 974 874 163 32 96.585663 amended5 1 2 1 4 5 1151 875 45 41 96.612984 by5 1 2 1 4 6 1212 886 44 21 96.740982 an5 1 2 1 4 7 1270 876 68 32 96.980324 Acts 1 2 1 4 8 1353 876 38 33 96.436073 of5 1 2 1 4 9 1407 875 167 43 96.453438 Congress5 1 2 1 4 10 1591 879 173 41 96.423981 approved5 1 2 1 4 11 1780 879 91 33 96.676315 June5 1 2 1 4 12 1888 881 49 40 96.989243 19,5 1 2 1 4 13 1955 881 81 31 96.583900 19364 1 2 1 5 0 738 923 1298 48 -1 5 1 2 1 5 1 738 923 352 42 91.873817 (Robinson-Patman5 1 2 1 5 2 1103 925 101 42 96.866180 Act),5 1 2 1 5 3 1219 926 57 32 95.990868 thes 1 2 1 5 4 1289 926 144 33 95.990868 Federal5 1 2 1 5 5 1447 926 113 34 96.370041 Trades 1 2 1 5 6 1575 927 234 44 96.737808 Commission,5 1 2 1 5 7 1825 941 44 21 96.968307 on5 1 2 1 5 8 1882 930 58 33 96.966484 thes 1 2 1 5 9 1955 930 81 32 97.012527 24th4 1 2 1 6 0 731 974 1305 49 -1 5 1 2 1 6 1 731 974 67 43 96.542549 days 1 2 1 6 2 815 974 39 33 95.986725 of5 1 2 1 6 3 869 974 121 34 96.657867 March5 1 2 1 6 4 1008 977 90 40 96.479515 1952,5 1 2 1 6 5 1117 976 112 33 96.514809 issued5 1 2 1 6 6 1247 977 67 33 96.919273 ands 1 2 1 6 7 1333 977 235 44 96.385841 subsequently5 1 2 1 6 8 1586 980 117 32 96.957428 served5 1 2 1 6 9 1723 980 44 33 96.666161 its5 1 2 1 6 10 1786 980 187 43 94.065140 complaints 1 2 1 6 11 1991 992 45 22 96.777824 on4 1 2 1 7 0 730 1025 1305 49 -1 5 1 2 1 7 1 730 1025 56 32 96.144638 thes 1 2 1 7 2 799 1026 205 41 96.740242 respondents 1 2 1 7 3 1014 1026 122 33 96.202057 named5 1 2 1 7 4 1148 1028 36 31 96.202057 in5 1 2 1 7 5 1198 1028 55 32 96.965088 thes 1 2 1 7 6 1266 1028 136 42 96.710655 captions 1 2 1 7 7 1414 1030 127 43 96.605667 herein,5 1 2 1 7 8 1553 1030 166 44 96.515121 charging5 1 2 1 7 9 1732 1031 28 33 96.718933 it5 1 2 1 7 10 1773 1031 83 34 96.407219 with5 1 2 1 7 11 1869 1032 166 33 96.407219 violation4 1 2 1 8 0 731 1076 1149 46 -1 5 1 2 1 8 1 731 1076 36 32 97.005829 of5 1 2 1 8 2 781 1076 187 33 96.485085 subsections 1 2 1 8 3 988 1078 51 41 96.943008 (a)5 1 2 1 8 4 1060 1077 39 33 95.835541 of5 1 2 1 8 5 1111 1078 126 32 95.835541 sections 1 2 1 8 6 1250 1081 20 29 96.343689 25 1 2 1 8 7 1283 1079 39 33 96.851929 of5 1 2 1 8 8 1334 1079 57 34 96.811356 thes 1 2 1 8 9 1405 1079 146 42 96.591370 Clayton5 1 2 1 8 10 1565 1081 77 41 95.910645 Act,5 1 2 1 8 11 1657 1092 35 22 95.910645 as5 1 2 1 8 12 1708 1082 172 33 96.717957 amended.3 1 2 2 0 0 724 1127 1309 402 -1 4 1 2 2 1 0 769 1127 1264 49 -1 5 1 2 2 1 1 769 1127 73 33 96.334747 Thes 1 2 2 1 2 856 1128 214 41 96.334747 respondent,5 1 2 2 1 3 1084 1127 151 44 96.888748 desiring5 1 2 2 1 4 1248 1130 77 33 96.888748 that5 1 2 2 1 5 1338 1130 68 33 96.638458 this5 1 2 2 1 6 1421 1131 203 43 96.523117 proceedings 1 2 2 1 7 1638 1133 40 32 96.913719 be5 1 2 2 1 8 1692 1133 158 43 96.702446 disposed5 1 2 2 1 9 1864 1133 40 33 96.734093 of5 1 2 2 1 10 1916 1133 44 43 96.703735 by5 1 2 2 1 11 1975 1134 58 33 97.015556 thea 1 2 2 2 0 728 1178 1304 45 -1 5 1 2 2 2 1 728 1181 137 30 96.915077 consents 1 2 2 2 2 878 1178 190 34 96.093384 settlements 1 2 2 2 3 1081 1180 184 40 96.580360 procedures 1 2 2 2 4 1278 1181 166 42 96.425613 provided5 1 2 2 2 5 1459 1182 36 33 96.425613 in5 1 2 2 2 6 1509 1182 87 33 93.295822 Rules 1 2 2 2 7 1609 1184 31 32 91.417221 V5 1 2 2 2 8 1656 1183 37 33 96.030678 of5 1 2 2 2 9 1708 1184 58 32 93.295181 thes 1 2 2 2 10 1782 1184 250 34 91.828857 Commission’s4 1 2 2 3 0 726 1228 1305 49 -1 5 1 2 2 3 1 726 1228 103 32 96.629486 Rules5 1 2 2 3 2 853 1229 38 32 96.566048 of5 1 2 2 3 3 913 1228 164 42 96.923828 Practice,5 1 2 2 3 4 1101 1230 105 42 96.590126 solely5 1 2 2 3 5 1230 1231 57 32 96.334381 for5 1 2 2 3 6 1309 1232 57 31 96.923027 thes 1 2 2 3 7 1387 1242 163 32 96.438210 purposes5 1 2 2 3 8 1574 1233 37 32 97.017456 of5 1 2 2 3 9 1635 1234 69 32 96.712364 this5 1 2 2 3 10 1727 1234 213 42 96.517677 proceeding,5 1 2 2 3 11 1965 1246 66 31 96.999359 any4 1 2 2 4 0 727 1278 1303 49 -1 5 1 2 2 4 1 727 1278 121 33 96.790291 reviews 1 2 2 4 2 868 1279 143 42 96.877434 thereof,5 1 2 2 4 3 1032 1280 66 32 96.645500 ands 1 2 2 4 4 1118 1280 57 33 96.881668 thes 1 2 2 4 5 1195 1281 228 34 96.394806 enforcement5 1 2 2 4 6 1443 1283 38 32 96.394806 of5 1 2 2 4 7 1501 1283 56 33 96.795677 thes 1 2 2 4 8 1577 1285 99 32 96.906258 orders 1 2 2 4 9 1698 1286 177 31 96.271599 consented5 1 2 2 4 10 1896 1290 45 37 96.992317 to,5 1 2 2 4 11 1963 1287 67 33 97.007446 anda 1 2 2 5 0 726 1329 1304 46 -1 5 1 2 2 5 1 726 1329 215 33 95.849861 conditioned5 1 2 2 5 2 958 1341 93 31 96.523163 upon5 1 2 2 5 3 1069 1331 59 32 93.302864 thes 1 2 2 5 4 1146 1331 251 34 91.589737 Commission’s5 1 2 2 5 5 1417 1337 196 38 96.580620 acceptances 1 2 2 5 6 1630 1335 39 33 96.823654 of5 1 2 2 5 7 1688 1335 57 33 96.856613 thes 1 2 2 5 8 1764 1340 137 28 91.113388 consents 1 2 2 5 9 1918 1337 112 32 91.113388 settle-4 1 2 2 6 0 725 1380 1305 50 -1 5 1 2 2 6 1 725 1385 93 28 95.873085 ments 1 2 2 6 2 835 1380 211 34 96.656273 hereinafter5 1 2 2 6 3 1063 1386 51 29 96.727394 sets 1 2 2 6 4 1132 1382 107 42 96.727394 forth,5 1 2 2 6 5 1259 1382 67 34 96.937187 ands 1 2 2 6 6 1346 1383 36 33 96.578499 in5 1 2 2 6 7 1402 1384 67 32 96.211510 lieu5 1 2 2 6 8 1488 1385 39 32 96.961006 of5 1 2 2 6 9 1546 1396 128 22 96.841026 answers 1 2 2 6 10 1693 1389 36 30 97.014458 to5 1 2 2 6 11 1750 1386 73 33 96.902496 said5 1 2 2 6 12 1843 1387 187 43 96.249466 complaint4 1 2 2 7 0 724 1431 1306 47 -1 5 1 2 2 7 1 724 1431 193 33 96.601906 heretofore5 1 2 2 7 2 937 1431 79 33 95.528236 filed5 1 2 2 7 3 1039 1433 67 32 95.528236 ands 1 2 2 7 4 1126 1433 121 40 96.278687 which,5 1 2 2 7 5 1270 1444 91 31 96.440895 upon5 1 2 2 7 6 1384 1439 195 37 96.684578 acceptances 1 2 2 7 7 1600 1437 44 41 96.586571 by5 1 2 2 7 8 1666 1437 58 32 96.823593 thes 1 2 2 7 9 1745 1437 223 33 96.658905 Commissions 1 2 2 7 10 1991 1438 39 32 95.957321 of4 1 2 2 8 0 724 1481 1145 48 -1 5 1 2 2 8 1 724 1481 68 33 96.700958 this5 1 2 2 8 2 808 1482 201 41 96.068527 settlement,5 1 2 2 8 3 1026 1482 29 32 96.896194 is5 1 2 2 8 4 1072 1486 35 29 96.421242 to5 1 2 2 8 5 1123 1482 41 34 96.421242 be5 1 2 2 8 6 1180 1483 203 34 96.149162 withdrawn5 1 2 2 8 7 1400 1485 91 33 95.396126 from5 1 2 2 8 8 1508 1485 58 34 96.959778 thes 1 2 2 8 9 1584 1487 127 40 96.526917 record,5 1 2 2 8 10 1729 1487 140 42 90.559952 hereby:3 1 2 3 0 0 723 1532 1304 91 -1 4 1 2 3 1 0 766 1532 1261 46 -1 5 1 2 3 1 1 766 1535 27 28 75.045967 1.5 1 2 3 1 2 816 1532 139 33 96.232948 Admits5 1 2 3 1 3 976 1533 46 33 96.174934 all5 1 2 3 1 4 1044 1533 59 32 96.947746 thes 1 2 3 1 5 1122 1533 250 42 96.823738 jurisdictional5 1 2 3 1 6 1394 1536 201 42 96.853493 allegations5 1 2 3 1 7 1616 1541 50 28 96.367332 sets 1 2 3 1 8 1687 1537 97 33 96.907951 forth5 1 2 3 1 9 1805 1538 36 31 96.359398 in5 1 2 3 1 10 1862 1538 58 32 93.274910 thes 1 2 3 1 11 1940 1550 87 21 92.422066 com-4 1 2 3 2 0 723 1582 120 41 -1 5 1 2 3 2 1 723 1582 120 41 90.819221 plaint.3 1 2 4 0 0 721 1632 1306 390 -1 4 1 2 4 1 0 763 1632 1264 47 -1 5 1 2 4 1 1 763 1635 28 30 83.494835 2.5 1 2 4 1 2 816 1632 164 34 96.300888 Consents5 1 2 4 1 3 994 1634 77 32 96.300888 that5 1 2 4 1 4 1083 1635 57 32 96.938271 thes 1 2 4 1 5 1154 1634 224 34 96.192963 Commissions 1 2 4 1 6 1393 1647 77 32 96.192963 may5 1 2 4 1 7 1484 1641 94 29 96.408829 enters 1 2 4 1 8 1592 1638 57 32 96.970963 thes 1 2 4 1 9 1663 1642 140 29 96.950859 matters5 1 2 4 1 10 1818 1640 209 32 96.473869 hereinafter4 1 2 4 2 0 723 1684 1304 45 -1 5 1 2 4 2 1 723 1688 48 28 97.007271 sets 1 2 4 2 2 787 1684 96 32 96.972748 forth5 1 2 4 2 3 899 1695 36 21 96.676697 as5 1 2 4 2 4 949 1684 45 32 96.845421 its5 1 2 4 2 5 1009 1684 150 42 96.891243 findings5 1 2 4 2 6 1174 1697 35 21 96.963974 as5 1 2 4 2 7 1225 1690 35 29 96.956558 to5 1 2 4 2 8 1276 1686 57 33 96.307671 thes 1 2 4 2 9 1349 1687 98 41 96.958176 facts,5 1 2 4 2 10 1463 1689 201 40 96.366135 conclusion,5 1 2 4 2 11 1683 1690 67 32 96.791145 ands 1 2 4 2 12 1767 1690 99 32 96.921387 orders 1 2 4 2 13 1882 1695 35 27 96.386581 to5 1 2 4 2 14 1935 1701 92 23 96.834816 cease4 1 2 4 3 0 723 1734 1304 48 -1 5 1 2 4 3 1 723 1734 67 33 95.882057 ands 1 2 4 3 2 805 1734 113 42 94.896461 desist,5 1 2 4 3 3 952 1734 37 33 93.355888 It5 1 2 4 3 4 1001 1734 29 33 94.991386 is5 1 2 4 3 5 1043 1736 207 33 96.430504 understood5 1 2 4 3 6 1264 1737 77 33 97.009781 that5 1 2 4 3 7 1354 1737 58 33 97.009781 thes 1 2 4 3 8 1426 1739 214 41 96.605522 respondent,5 1 2 4 3 9 1654 1740 35 32 96.619514 in5 1 2 4 3 10 1705 1740 197 42 96.603973 consenting5 1 2 4 3 11 1918 1744 34 29 96.281921 to5 1 2 4 3 12 1968 1742 59 32 96.572685 thea 1 2 4 4 0 722 1784 1304 48 -1 5 1 2 4 4 1 722 1784 252 34 86.594330 Commission’s5 1 2 4 4 2 992 1789 99 38 96.435471 entry5 1 2 4 4 3 1111 1786 37 32 96.668343 of5 1 2 4 4 4 1168 1786 73 33 96.860863 said5 1 2 4 4 5 1261 1787 148 41 96.681519 findings5 1 2 4 4 6 1429 1800 35 21 96.493164 as5 1 2 4 4 7 1483 1793 36 28 96.519165 to5 1 2 4 4 8 1538 1789 58 32 96.551018 thes 1 2 4 4 9 1615 1791 99 40 96.859398 facts,5 1 2 4 4 10 1735 1789 201 43 96.771446 conclusion,5 1 2 4 4 11 1958 1792 68 32 96.569786 anda 1 2 4 5 0 721 1835 1305 48 -1 5 1 2 4 5 1 721 1835 100 33 97.014862 orders 1 2 4 5 2 832 1839 35 29 97.003181 to5 1 2 4 5 3 880 1846 93 23 96.920235 ceases 1 2 4 5 4 985 1836 67 33 96.920235 ands 1 2 4 5 5 1066 1836 112 42 96.979523 desist,5 1 2 4 5 6 1192 1836 204 45 96.603500 specifically5 1 2 4 5 7 1408 1839 148 33 96.472321 refrains5 1 2 4 5 8 1572 1841 90 31 96.245087 from5 1 2 4 5 9 1676 1840 185 43 96.245087 admitting5 1 2 4 5 10 1873 1853 37 21 93.306175 or5 1 2 4 5 11 1924 1842 102 41 92.859833 deny-4 1 2 4 6 0 721 1887 1303 45 -1 5 1 2 4 6 1 721 1887 60 41 96.151093 ings 1 2 4 6 2 797 1887 76 32 96.720619 that5 1 2 4 6 3 889 1887 28 31 96.011795 it5 1 2 4 6 4 931 1887 61 32 96.011795 has5 1 2 4 6 5 1009 1888 151 42 96.458015 engaged5 1 2 4 6 6 1178 1887 36 33 96.654976 in5 1 2 4 6 7 1231 1899 66 31 96.516800 any5 1 2 4 6 8 1314 1889 38 32 96.516800 of5 1 2 4 6 9 1369 1889 57 32 96.495857 thes 1 2 4 6 10 1444 1894 68 28 96.495857 acts5 1 2 4 6 11 1530 1902 39 21 96.352203 or5 1 2 4 6 12 1585 1891 164 41 96.446381 practices5 1 2 4 6 13 1766 1892 108 32 96.556946 stated5 1 2 4 6 14 1894 1893 130 32 96.619293 therein4 1 2 4 7 0 721 1935 1303 49 -1 5 1 2 4 7 1 721 1940 34 29 96.986603 to5 1 2 4 7 2 769 1936 39 33 96.721527 be5 1 2 4 7 3 821 1935 37 33 96.721527 in5 1 2 4 7 4 870 1936 165 33 96.834976 violations 1 2 4 7 5 1048 1937 40 32 96.939514 of5 1 2 4 7 6 1100 1938 65 32 96.497650 laws 1 2 4 7 7 1178 1950 39 21 96.166222 or5 1 2 4 7 8 1230 1939 76 32 96.166222 that5 1 2 4 7 9 1319 1940 81 31 96.975204 such5 1 2 4 7 10 1415 1944 69 28 96.959106 acts5 1 2 4 7 11 1498 1941 67 31 96.868103 ands 1 2 4 7 12 1579 1941 175 42 96.699684 practices,5 1 2 4 7 13 1768 1942 31 32 96.611000 if5 1 2 4 7 14 1813 1943 150 41 96.611000 engaged5 1 2 4 7 15 1978 1943 46 41 96.833580 in,4 1 2 4 8 0 721 1986 524 36 -1 5 1 2 4 8 1 721 1986 112 33 96.937370 would5 1 2 4 8 2 844 1986 41 33 96.879822 be5 1 2 4 8 3 895 1987 37 32 96.630325 in5 1 2 4 8 4 943 1987 166 33 96.589203 violations 1 2 4 8 5 1121 1988 39 32 96.960022 of5 1 2 4 8 6 1171 1988 74 34 87.551682 law.3 1 2 5 0 0 720 2037 1305 142 -1 4 1 2 5 1 0 763 2037 1261 46 -1 5 1 2 5 1 1 763 2039 27 30 96.555679 3.5 1 2 5 1 2 814 2037 130 42 96.568947 Agrees5 1 2 5 1 3 958 2038 76 32 96.956108 that5 1 2 5 1 4 1048 2038 69 33 96.430199 this5 1 2 5 1 5 1132 2043 138 28 96.430199 consents 1 2 5 1 6 1285 2040 190 32 95.295456 settlements 1 2 5 1 7 1488 2051 79 32 95.955582 may5 1 2 5 1 8 1580 2041 41 33 96.888809 be5 1 2 5 1 9 1636 2046 50 29 96.611893 sets 1 2 5 1 10 1702 2042 94 33 96.314880 aside5 1 2 5 1 11 1810 2043 37 32 96.594536 in5 1 2 5 1 12 1862 2043 108 33 96.921982 whole5 1 2 5 1 13 1987 2054 37 21 97.005676 or4 1 2 5 2 0 720 2087 1305 49 -1 5 1 2 5 2 1 720 2087 36 32 96.920174 in5 1 2 5 2 2 767 2091 81 37 96.621315 parts 1 2 5 2 3 857 2088 108 33 96.861465 under5 1 2 5 2 4 977 2088 59 33 96.515015 thes 1 2 5 2 5 1047 2088 191 34 96.515015 conditions5 1 2 5 2 6 1250 2091 68 32 96.603050 ands 1 2 5 2 7 1330 2091 36 31 96.575127 in5 1 2 5 2 8 1378 2091 58 32 96.855232 thes 1 2 5 2 9 1447 2102 141 22 96.526985 manners 1 2 5 2 10 1600 2092 166 42 96.599960 provided5 1 2 5 2 11 1780 2093 37 32 96.357452 in5 1 2 5 2 12 1829 2094 196 42 96.088905 paragraph4 1 2 5 3 0 727 2137 1001 42 -1 5 1 2 5 3 1 727 2137 49 42 33.872139 (f)5 1 2 5 3 2 798 2138 38 32 96.582840 of5 1 2 5 3 3 850 2137 88 34 93.176186 Rules 1 2 5 3 4 953 2139 32 32 93.176186 V5 1 2 5 3 5 1000 2139 39 33 96.229492 of5 1 2 5 3 6 1054 2139 58 34 93.287270 thes 1 2 5 3 7 1127 2139 251 35 91.428322 Commission’s5 1 2 5 3 8 1393 2141 103 33 96.578133 Rules5 1 2 5 3 9 1512 2142 38 32 96.132339 of5 1 2 5 3 10 1565 2142 163 34 96.657059 Practice.3 1 2 6 0 0 721 2187 1303 100 -1 4 1 2 6 1 0 763 2187 1261 45 -1 5 1 2 6 1 1 763 2187 73 33 96.114830 Thes 1 2 6 1 2 858 2189 164 32 95.990204 admitted5 1 2 6 1 3 1045 2190 251 41 96.185799 jurisdictional5 1 2 6 1 4 1320 2191 98 41 95.951363 facts,5 1 2 6 1 5 1441 2192 57 32 95.951363 thes 1 2 6 1 6 1521 2196 181 28 96.397285 statements 1 2 6 1 7 1723 2194 38 31 96.397285 of5 1 2 6 1 8 1784 2195 57 30 96.618881 thes 1 2 6 1 9 1864 2199 69 28 96.206429 acts5 1 2 6 1 10 1958 2195 66 32 96.206429 anda 1 2 6 2 0 721 2239 1303 48 -1 5 1 2 6 2 1 721 2239 163 41 96.791084 practices5 1 2 6 2 2 898 2239 112 32 96.564178 which5 1 2 6 2 3 1024 2239 58 33 96.215767 thes 1 2 6 2 4 1097 2240 225 33 95.969276 Commissions 1 2 6 2 5 1336 2241 69 33 96.778023 had5 1 2 6 2 6 1420 2253 117 21 96.988823 reasons 1 2 6 2 7 1554 2247 34 28 96.988823 to5 1 2 6 2 8 1603 2243 127 33 96.930611 believes 1 2 6 2 9 1746 2255 84 21 96.930611 were5 1 2 6 2 10 1847 2245 177 42 0.902176 unlawful,3 1 2 7 0 0 718 2323 1306 59 -1 4 1 2 7 1 0 749 2323 1275 27 -1 5 1 2 7 1 1 749 2323 72 22 62.749786 1The5 1 2 7 1 2 842 2323 187 22 80.031342 Commission's5 1 2 7 1 3 1053 2323 104 22 52.563511 ‘Notices 1 2 7 1 4 1178 2325 27 20 96.602753 of5 1 2 7 1 5 1225 2325 156 25 96.191345 Acceptances 1 2 7 1 6 1402 2325 27 22 96.103058 of5 1 2 7 1 7 1451 2325 109 22 96.731499 Consents 1 2 7 1 8 1583 2327 150 21 95.316223 Settlements 1 2 7 1 9 1755 2329 47 20 96.834290 ands 1 2 7 1 10 1826 2328 78 22 95.974373 Orders 1 2 7 1 11 1926 2334 25 16 96.612595 to5 1 2 7 1 12 1973 2328 51 22 96.550652 File4 1 2 7 2 0 718 2357 457 25 -1 5 1 2 7 2 1 718 2357 94 25 95.734688 Reports 1 2 7 2 2 824 2358 27 20 96.250198 of5 1 2 7 2 3 865 2357 182 25 95.350998 Compliance”,5 1 2 7 2 4 1060 2357 115 21 65.628571 follows:3 1 2 8 0 0 718 2390 1309 225 -1 4 1 2 8 1 0 751 2390 1273 29 -1 5 1 2 8 1 1 751 2390 52 21 95.929367 Thes 1 2 8 1 2 820 2391 106 20 96.346222 consents 1 2 8 1 3 945 2391 146 21 96.657700 settlements 1 2 8 1 4 1108 2391 118 21 95.935272 tendered5 1 2 8 1 5 1244 2391 30 25 95.935272 by5 1 2 8 1 6 1292 2392 42 21 96.489166 thes 1 2 8 1 7 1351 2393 96 23 96.561096 parties5 1 2 8 1 8 1465 2393 24 20 96.263985 in5 1 2 8 1 9 1508 2393 52 21 96.263985 this5 1 2 8 1 10 1579 2394 156 25 91.713112 proceeding.5 1 2 8 1 11 1753 2400 12 16 96.055779 a5 1 2 8 1 12 1784 2400 60 19 96.258728 copy5 1 2 8 1 13 1862 2396 26 20 96.160713 of5 1 2 8 1 14 1906 2396 79 20 96.160713 which5 1 2 8 1 15 2003 2395 21 20 95.383339 is4 1 2 8 2 0 718 2424 1306 29 -1 5 1 2 8 2 1 718 2424 88 20 96.204819 served5 1 2 8 2 2 823 2424 130 24 96.229904 herewith,5 1 2 8 2 3 969 2428 53 17 96.546188 was5 1 2 8 2 4 1038 2429 31 15 96.670654 on5 1 2 8 2 5 1086 2424 98 25 95.960289 August5 1 2 8 2 6 1202 2424 20 25 95.960289 6,5 1 2 8 2 7 1240 2424 70 25 96.454163 1952,5 1 2 8 2 8 1329 2425 116 24 95.035789 accepted5 1 2 8 2 9 1462 2426 29 24 95.771446 by5 1 2 8 2 10 1507 2427 43 20 96.113327 thes 1 2 8 2 11 1567 2427 170 22 95.694420 Commission,5 1 2 8 2 12 1754 2428 98 24 96.121284 subjects 1 2 8 2 13 1867 2430 58 23 96.068398 only5 1 2 8 2 14 1941 2430 25 19 96.527939 to5 1 2 8 2 15 1982 2430 42 20 96.527939 thea 1 2 8 3 0 718 2456 1306 31 -1 5 1 2 8 3 1 718 2457 128 21 96.135880 conditions 1 2 8 3 2 866 2457 58 20 96.211426 that5 1 2 8 3 3 942 2456 43 22 96.745071 thes 1 2 8 3 4 1004 2457 153 24 96.608597 respondents 1 2 8 3 5 1174 2458 97 24 95.899811 comply5 1 2 8 3 6 1290 2459 60 20 96.426125 with5 1 2 8 3 7 1370 2459 42 21 96.267319 thes 1 2 8 3 8 1431 2460 180 24 51.122242 requirements5 1 2 8 3 9 1630 2461 26 20 96.052734 of5 1 2 8 3 10 1676 2461 41 21 96.248154 thes 1 2 8 3 11 1733 2461 131 25 95.609245 following5 1 2 8 3 12 1882 2463 142 24 93.608780 paragraph4 1 2 8 4 0 719 2489 1308 28 -1 5 1 2 8 4 1 719 2490 62 21 96.350433 with5 1 2 8 4 2 799 2491 96 24 96.350433 respects 1 2 8 4 3 910 2490 27 21 96.216278 to5 1 2 8 4 4 953 2489 44 22 96.216278 thes 1 2 8 4 5 1012 2490 72 25 95.909637 filings 1 2 8 4 6 1099 2490 27 22 96.213898 of5 1 2 8 4 7 1142 2496 15 15 96.292145 a5 1 2 8 4 8 1173 2492 86 23 96.514458 reports 1 2 8 4 9 1276 2491 113 26 96.813438 showings 1 2 8 4 10 1405 2492 42 21 96.817741 thes 1 2 8 4 11 1462 2497 104 18 96.183540 manners 1 2 8 4 12 1582 2494 48 21 96.470566 ands 1 2 8 4 13 1646 2494 65 21 96.660675 forms 1 2 8 4 14 1727 2495 25 20 96.877228 in5 1 2 8 4 15 1768 2495 81 20 96.667542 which5 1 2 8 4 16 1865 2495 21 21 95.566505 it5 1 2 8 4 17 1902 2496 45 20 93.273193 has5 1 2 8 4 18 1963 2501 64 16 92.764923 com-4 1 2 8 5 0 718 2524 1306 26 -1 5 1 2 8 5 1 718 2524 67 24 95.815620 plied5 1 2 8 5 2 799 2524 63 21 96.536240 with5 1 2 8 5 3 877 2524 43 21 96.755188 thes 1 2 8 5 4 935 2524 73 21 96.602440 orders 1 2 8 5 5 1022 2525 26 19 96.792946 to5 1 2 8 5 6 1063 2529 71 16 96.370041 ceases 1 2 8 5 7 1148 2525 49 20 96.851562 ands 1 2 8 5 8 1211 2524 93 24 89.750259 desist;5 1 2 8 5 9 1321 2527 48 19 96.652313 ands 1 2 8 5 10 1384 2525 97 24 96.229607 subjects 1 2 8 5 11 1495 2527 25 20 96.299408 to5 1 2 8 5 12 1535 2528 60 20 96.650963 such5 1 2 8 5 13 1609 2528 130 21 96.660217 conditions 1 2 8 5 14 1754 2529 54 20 96.335960 said5 1 2 8 5 15 1823 2530 103 20 93.289253 consents 1 2 8 5 16 1939 2530 85 20 73.813316 settle-4 1 2 8 6 0 719 2557 1303 27 -1 5 1 2 8 6 1 719 2558 69 20 96.680023 ments 1 2 8 6 2 800 2562 53 16 96.680023 was5 1 2 8 6 3 865 2557 105 21 96.425316 ordered5 1 2 8 6 4 984 2557 101 21 96.383270 entered5 1 2 8 6 5 1099 2557 26 21 96.477188 of5 1 2 8 6 6 1136 2557 86 21 95.998978 records 1 2 8 6 7 1236 2563 28 15 95.998978 as5 1 2 8 6 8 1276 2558 43 20 93.295891 thes 1 2 8 6 9 1333 2558 184 22 82.660950 Commission’s5 1 2 8 6 10 1530 2560 108 24 96.395004 findings5 1 2 8 6 11 1651 2566 27 15 95.284187 as5 1 2 8 6 12 1691 2563 25 19 96.496780 to5 1 2 8 6 13 1730 2562 42 20 96.005638 thes 1 2 8 6 14 1785 2563 74 21 73.553436 facts.5 1 2 8 6 15 1872 2564 150 20 77.588455 conclusion,4 1 2 8 7 0 719 2590 600 25 -1 5 1 2 8 7 1 719 2590 49 21 96.174141 ands 1 2 8 7 2 780 2590 73 21 96.588356 orders 1 2 8 7 3 864 2590 25 21 96.481285 in5 1 2 8 7 4 902 2590 149 24 96.744339 dispositions 1 2 8 7 5 1064 2590 27 21 96.528709 of5 1 2 8 7 6 1102 2591 52 21 96.750740 this5 1 2 8 7 7 1165 2591 154 24 89.373993 proceeding.3 1 2 9 0 0 719 2623 1305 94 -1 4 1 2 9 1 0 751 2623 1273 30 -1 5 1 2 9 1 1 751 2624 27 20 95.263512 It5 1 2 9 1 2 793 2624 22 20 94.183968 is5 1 2 9 1 3 830 2623 161 25 96.546577 accordingly5 1 2 9 1 4 1006 2623 113 25 95.200096 ordered,5 1 2 9 1 5 1135 2624 67 21 96.028076 That5 1 2 9 1 6 1218 2625 43 20 96.731773 thes 1 2 9 1 7 1275 2626 160 24 96.319435 respondent,5 1 2 9 1 8 1451 2626 76 25 93.291229 Early5 1 2 9 1 9 1544 2626 17 21 93.287735 &5 1 2 9 1 10 1576 2627 88 21 93.281097 Daniels 1 2 9 1 11 1680 2628 49 25 92.027962 Co.,5 1 2 9 1 12 1745 2634 15 15 96.983765 a5 1 2 9 1 13 1776 2630 167 23 96.567986 corporation,5 1 2 9 1 14 1960 2630 64 21 96.777786 shall4 1 2 9 2 0 719 2656 1305 30 -1 5 1 2 9 2 1 719 2657 92 21 96.156357 within5 1 2 9 2 2 833 2657 68 25 96.143303 sixty5 1 2 9 2 3 928 2656 55 26 96.143303 (60)5 1 2 9 2 4 1012 2657 61 23 77.722809 days5 1 2 9 2 5 1096 2657 68 21 96.078011 after5 1 2 9 2 6 1187 2658 94 21 96.565140 services 1 2 9 2 7 1303 2664 65 19 96.650558 upon5 1 2 9 2 8 1390 2659 22 21 96.403915 it5 1 2 9 2 9 1435 2659 27 21 96.050369 of5 1 2 9 2 10 1483 2660 52 20 95.878517 this5 1 2 9 2 11 1558 2660 82 22 96.315033 notices 1 2 9 2 12 1660 2662 49 20 96.596718 ands 1 2 9 2 13 1734 2662 78 24 96.202324 order,5 1 2 9 2 14 1835 2662 39 21 96.577759 files 1 2 9 2 15 1897 2664 61 19 95.950066 with5 1 2 9 2 16 1982 2664 42 20 96.836014 thea 1 2 9 3 0 720 2691 1304 26 -1 5 1 2 9 3 1 720 2691 164 21 96.497757 Commissions 1 2 9 3 2 903 2695 15 15 80.898697 a5 1 2 9 3 3 934 2692 85 22 95.935387 reports 1 2 9 3 4 1036 2691 25 19 96.351753 in5 1 2 9 3 5 1081 2691 104 24 96.722809 writings 1 2 9 3 6 1201 2692 95 24 96.880104 settings 1 2 9 3 7 1312 2692 70 21 96.420822 forth5 1 2 9 3 8 1399 2692 25 21 96.102821 in5 1 2 9 3 9 1442 2693 78 21 87.127213 details 1 2 9 3 10 1537 2694 43 21 96.211212 thes 1 2 9 3 11 1597 2700 103 16 96.265564 manners 1 2 9 3 12 1718 2696 48 20 95.496521 ands 1 2 9 3 13 1783 2695 67 21 69.473694 forms 1 2 9 3 14 1864 2696 25 20 94.884247 in5 1 2 9 3 15 1905 2698 81 19 95.796890 which5 1 2 9 3 16 2005 2698 19 19 94.618225 it2 1 3 0 0 0 719 2724 1305 55 -1 3 1 3 1 0 0 719 2724 1305 55 -1 4 1 3 1 1 0 719 2724 1305 28 -1 5 1 3 1 1 1 719 2725 45 21 96.563202 has5 1 3 1 1 2 787 2724 122 25 96.408600 complied5 1 3 1 1 3 931 2724 61 21 96.678017 with5 1 3 1 1 4 1015 2725 43 20 96.816666 thes 1 3 1 1 5 1081 2725 73 21 96.332428 orders 1 3 1 1 6 1175 2726 26 20 96.332428 to5 1 3 1 1 7 1224 2730 70 16 96.157112 ceases 1 3 1 1 8 1315 2726 49 21 95.774254 ands 1 3 1 1 9 1388 2726 78 22 95.992203 desist5 1 3 1 1 10 1486 2728 134 21 96.533714 contained5 1 3 1 1 11 1642 2729 25 20 96.636208 in5 1 3 1 1 12 1690 2729 42 21 96.575714 thes 1 3 1 1 13 1754 2731 104 20 96.635338 consents 1 3 1 1 14 1879 2731 145 21 96.448616 settlement4 1 3 1 2 0 719 2758 208 21 -1 5 1 3 1 2 1 719 2758 102 21 96.832886 entered5 1 3 1 2 2 834 2758 93 21 96.323555 herein. EARLY & DANIEL CO. 113 108 Findings the conclusion based thereon, and the order to cease and desist, all of which respondent consents may be entered in final disposition of this proceeding, are as follows:

COMMISSION’S FINDINGS AS TO THE FACTS Paracrarn 1, Respondent Early & Daniel Co., hereinafter referred to as “respondent Early & Daniel,” is a corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State of Ohio, with its general offices and principal place of business located at Chamber of Commerce Building, city of Cincinnati, State of Ohio. Par. 2. The respondent Early & Daniel, for several years last past, and more particularly since June 19, 1936, has been engaged and is now engaged in the manufacture, sale and distribution of animal feed products of various types. Said animal feed products manufactured, sold and distributed by respondent are known as “Tuxedo” brand feeds. The said feeds are usually sold by the respondent in 100 lb. sacks, primarily to retail dealers in animal feed products. During the year ending May 31, 1949, respondent sold approximately 240,000 tons, or 4,800,000 sacks of said feeds, which amounted to gross sales of $13,254,000.

Respondent’s manufacturing plants are located in Cincinnati, Ohio; Sumter, South Carolina, and Tampa, Florida. It likewise owns and operates some 18 warehouses for the storage and distribution of said feeds, located in the following States: Delaware, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Florida.

Said respondent Early & Daniel sells and distributes, in commerce, as “commerce” is defined in the Clayton Antitrust Act, as amended by the Robinson-Patman Act, said animal feed products to retail dealers located in various States of the United States. Respondent causes said animal feed products, when sold, to be transported and shipped from its respective manfacturing plants and warehouses in the several States of the United States, across State lines, to the purchasers thereof, located in various States of the United States other than where such shipments originate. Respondent maintains and has maintained during all times mentioned herein, a course of trade.in said products, in commerce, among and between the several States of the United States.

Par. 8. In the course and conduct of its business, as aforesaid, respondent, particularly since June 19, 1936, has been engaged in substantial competition with other persons, partnerships, firms and corporations which likewise manufacture animal feed products, and Findings 49 F.T.C.

which sell and seek to sell and distribute said products in commerce between and among the several States of the United States to retail feed dealers, except insofar as such competition may have been affected by the acts and practices hereinafter stated. Par. 4. In the course and conduct of its business, as aforesaid, since on or about January 1, 1938, respondent has been, and is now, discriminating in price between different purchasers of its animal feed products of like grade and quality by selling such products to some of its purchasers at higher prices than it sells these said products of like grade and quality to others of its purchasers who are in competition one with the other in the sale of said products within the United States.

Some of the purchases, which are involved in such discriminations, were, and are, in commerce and the animal feed products so involved were and are sold for use, consumption or resale within the United States.

Par. 5. The aforesaid price discriminations were and are accomplished by a plan instituted by the respondent on or about January 1, 1988. Since then, this plan, known as the “Tuxedo Volume Rebate Schedule,” has been utilized continuously and is still utilized by the respondent in the sale and distribution in the aforesaid commerce of its animal feed products.

The plan is that some of respondent’s dealers are paid an annual discount, refund or rebate on their total purchases of such feeds for the period beginning June 1 each year, and ending May 31 of the following year. Such discount, refund, or rebate is computed on the basis of the total number of tons of “Tuxedo” feeds purchased during the period. There isa sliding scale whereby the rate of discount, refund or rebate per ton is proportionally higher according to the total number of 100 lb. sacks of such feeds which are purchased during the period. Any dealer who purchases a minimum of 120 tons, or 2,400 such sacks, or their equivalent of said feeds, during the aforesaid period is the recipient of the minimum volume discount, refund or rebate at the rate of 25 cents per ton or 114 cents per sack on such purchases from respondent during said period. Should a dealer’s total purchases not aggregate this required minimum, such dealer receives no volume discount, refund or rebate on his purchases. As respondent’s dealers purchase larger volume quantities of said animal feeds, they obtain the aforesaid discounts, refunds or rebates, which are computed at a higher rate per ton, according to the following schedule of total purchases during such period:

EARLY & DANIEL CO. 115 108 Conclusion 100-1b. sacks (or equivalent) : Rebate per ton Under 2,400. - None 2,400--3,599 $0. 25 3,600-4,799 . 50 4,800-7,199 1.00 7,200-9,599. 1.10 9,600-11,999. 1. 20 12,000-17,999. -- 1.30 18,000-23,999. --- -... 1.50 24,000-35,999____ 1. 75 36,000-37,999 2.00 38,000-59,999_ — 2, 25 60,000 or more. 2. 50 For the period ending May 31, 1949, of the approximately 2,000 dealers to whom respondent sold such feeds, only about 356 received volume discounts, refunds or rebates under the aforesaid schedule, in the total amount of $224,626. To such dealers, respondent paid the aforesaid discounts, refunds or rebates, in the form of cash or credit memoranda on past purchases or which could be applied on future purchases by them.

Respondent does not enter into any agreements with animal feed dealers whereby said dealers are required to sell “Tuxedo” brand feeds to the exclusion of competitive brands of feeds produced by other manufacturers. Most of the dealers to whom respondent sells its animal feed products purchase and sell one or more competitive brands of such products.

Par. 6. The effect of the discriminations in price, as stated herein, and any part or fraction thereof, may be substantially to lessen competition or trend to create a monopoly in the respondent in the line of commerce in which it has been and is now engaged, and to injure, destroy or prevent competition between the respondent and other manufacturers and sellers of animal feed products, and in the line of commerce in which the customers of the respondent, their dealer purchasers, are engaged, may be to injure, destroy or prevent competition between those customers, who in purchasing respondent’s products receive the benefits of such discriminations which respondent grants, as hereinbefore set forth, and those competing dealer purchasers from the respondent who do not receive such benefits. COMMISSION’S CONCLUSION The foregoing described plan, acts and practices of respondent are in violation of the provisions of subsection (a) of section 2 of the Clayton Antitrust Act, as amended by the Robinson-Patman Act, approved June 19, 1936 (U.S. C. Title 15, Sec. 18). Order 49 ET. C.

ORDER TO CEASE AND DESIST It ts ordered, That the respondent, Early & Daniel Co., a corporation, directly or indirectly, through any corporate or other device, through its officers, agents, representatives or employees, or by any other means or methods in the sale of animal feed products, whether sold under the name of “Tuxedo” or any other name or designation, in commerce, as “commerce” is defined in the aforesaid Clayton Act, do forthwith cease and desist from:

Directly or indirectly discriminating in price between different competing purchasers of animal feed products of like grade and quality where the aforesaid products are sold for use, consumption or resale within the United States, by employing in any manner, or by any means, any arrangement or plan, regardless of designation, whereby allowances, discounts, rebates, refunds, compensation or consideration of any nature or description are granted or paid in any manner to competing dealer purchasers of such products when such allowances, discounts, rebates, refunds, compensation or consideration are compiled or computed at varied or different rates or percentages dependent upon the quantity or amount of the products purchased. Early & Danreu Co., By (8) Extis V. Early, Exec. V. Pres.

May 22, 1952.

The foregoing consent settlement is hereby accepted by the Federal Trade Commission and ordered entered of record this 6th day of August, 1952, subject only to the condition that the respondent shall, within sixty (60) days after service upon it of a copy of this consent settlement, file with the Commission a report in writing setting forth in detail the manner and form in which it has complied with the order to cease and desist contained in said consent settlement. RAINBOW GIRL COAT CO., INC., ET AL. 117 > Complaint