American General Insurance Company

Text (OCR of the scan at left; may contain errors)

. Order. 81 E.T.C..

; The Commission reiterates that the respondents in these cases have in no way , been prejudiced by the Statement of Enforcement Policy issued on January 38, 1967. In each case the burden of proving the allegations of the complaint remains with complaint counsel, and has in no degree been shifted to the respondents. In each case, adjudication by the hearing examiner and the Commission will be made on the record, in accordance with the Administrative Procedure Act. In each case, the hearing afforded the respondents will be full and fair, in the same measure as if no Statement of Hnforcement Policy had been issued. If the Commission’s expertise has been enlarged as a result of the general inquiry conducted by it in connection with formulating the Statement of Enforcement Policy, that fact neither prejudices the respondents’ rights nor constitutes any reason for dismissing these proceedings. Respondents. are entitled to. have their cases adjudicated ‘by. Commissioners with. open minds, not empty: ones, * * .*: ( 1 FET.C.. 1619, 1621-22), : :

We see no reason to dwell upon respondent's second contention— alleged prejudgment on the part of the Commission because of the January 8, 1967 Statement of Policy. It already has been before us - once before. Ash Grove Cement Company, Docket No. 8785 (opinion: and order, October 14, 1969 [76 F.T.C. 1076]). Respondent ought: not to have been permitted to raise it again. And, it certainly should not have been. certified to the Commission. Respondent's argument is: rejected for the reasons expressed in our previous opinion. Accordingly, : - [t is ordered, That respondent’s motion to dismiss the complaint be; and it hereby is, denied.

It is further ordered, That this proceeding be, and it hereby is, remanded to the hearing examiner for further proceedings. Commissioner MacIntyre concurring in the result. AMERICAN GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY Docket 8847. Order and opinions, Dec. 5, 1972. Order and opinion vacating the initial decision and remanding the case for further proceedings.

STATEMENT ‘By MacInryre, Commissioner:

It is my view that the decision of the majority certainly should have provided for the receipt of further information, hearings and consideration by the parties, the administrative law judge and the Commission respecting applicable state laws and their implementation as they would relate to an acquisition or merger such as the one involved here. I would be in concurrence with the decision of the majority to that extent. The sole and threshold question before us at this time is one of jurisdiction.

INTERLOCUTORY ORDERS, ETC. | 1053.

1021 Statement ~The question as to whether the Federal Trade Commission has . jurisdiction so as to permit it to enforce Section 7 of the Clayton Act, as amended (15 U.S.C. § 18), can be answered only after considering another Act of the Congress, the McCarran-Ferguson Act (15 U.S.C. §§ 1011-1015, March 9, 1945, c. 20, §§ 1 & 2, 59 Stat. 33, and July 25, 1947, c. 326, 61 Stat. 448), and the state regulation of insurance business as that regulation relates to acquisitions and mergers. The administrative law judge, in his initial decision filed in this case March 7, 1972, quite ably and clearly set forth and analyzed those applicable provisions of federal and state law and what various states have done toward implementing applicable state law.

It is clear that Congress through its action has intended and provided that no federal law, outside of that dealing specifically with the © business of insurance and the Sherman Act, so far as it relates to boycott, coercion or intimidation, shall be construed as applicable to the business of insurance to the extent that such business is regulated by state law. Here respondent, American General. Insurance Com- _ pany, a multiple- -line property-liability and life insurance company domiciled in the State of Texas, on or before July 1, 1969, merged with Fidelity and Deposit Company of Maryland, a property-liability insurance company Specializing 1 in the writing of fidelity and surety bonds, which was domiciled in the State of Maryland. On June 17, 1971, the Federal Trade Commission issued its complaint alleging this merger to be in violation of Section 7 of the Clayton Act, as amended, for the reason that the alleged effect of the merger “may be substantially to lessen competition or to tend to create a monopoly in the business of underwriting fidelity and surety bonds in the United States and in various state and other geographic markets * * *.” Prior thereto, the State of Maryland enacted legislation, the purpose. of which is to regulate trade practices in the business of insurance in accordance with the intent of Congress as expressed in the McCarran- Ferguson Act. Also, the State of Texas enacted similar legislation under the terms of which any merger of insurance companies tending to prevent or lessen competition would be illegal. In view of these statutory provisions, the respondent submitted to the Insurance Commissioners of the States of Texas and Maryland the question as to whether they would approve the proposed merger of the American General Insurance Company and the Fidelity and Deposit Company of Maryland. The Insurance Commissioners of those two states after hearings issued their orders approving the proposed merger. Thereupon, the merger was consummated. Those actions of the States of Texas and Maryland and their Insurance Commissioners are in accord ; Statement 81 B.T.C, with laws enacted in the past two and one-half years by approximately 32 states which have adopted in one form or another, the Model Insurance Acquisitions and Mergers Act sponsored by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. Moreover, as in Maryland, respondent, American General Insurance Company, disclosed to the Texas Insurance Commissioner and to the Insurance Commissioners in each of the other 48 states in which it was licensed, the terms of its proposed merger with Fidelity and Deposit. All of these states maintain continuing state supervision of the merged. company. and the competitive effects thereof as provided by their state laws regulating the business of insurance.

There is no determination and it does not appear from the record before us that: a determination can “be made whether the merger involved here is in violation of the law of any state. Likewise, there is no determination, if indeed the evidence of record would permit one, which I doubt, that any state is.unable to deal with the. problem here through the exercise of its licensing powers.. Moreover, it is unclear from the opinion of the majority in this case and the record before _ us whether any “merger activity” involving this merger has taken place outside the territorial limits of the States of Texas and Maryland. In raising that question, I hasten to distinguish the term “merger activity” from the term “effects of the merger.” I do this because it seems to me that in our consideration of the problem before us, we should draw a distinction between the activity of disseminating false and misleading advertising such as was involved in the Travelers case, 3862 U.S. 293 (1960), where the “activity” of disseminating false and misleading advertising occurred throughout various states from the “activity” of price fixing such as occurred in the Southeastern Underwriters case, 322 U.S. 533 (1944). In the latter, the price fixing “activity” occurred in what appears to be but perhaps a few states. However, the effects of the activity encompassed the area of various additional states. If we were to make this distinction we would be in a better position to determine whether the situation in the case before us is more analogous to the situation which was involved in the Southeastern Underwriters case with respect to antitrust policies than was the Z'ravelers case with respect to application of laws and policies against false and misleading advertising by a mail order insurance business in interstate commerce.

Perhaps what I am trying to say is simply this: We should know and judge whether the situation before us for decision is one within our jurisdiction because (1) the “activity” complained of is extraterritorially beyond the reach of the states within which such “activity” INTERLOCUTORY ORDERS, ETC. 1055 1021. Opinion occurred or whether (2) it is within our jurisdiction on the basis of such activities “effects” in various additional states beyond those where the activities occurred.

The decision of the Commission also has not clearly demonstrated that, Congress has not provided for this distinction through its enactment of the McCarran-Ferguson Act. Further, the Commission’s decision fails to draw a distinction between the legal effects of “activities” and “effects” of the merger here so as to demonstrate that aspects _ comparable in the Southeastern case are not relevant. I am troubled because the decision of the Commission in this case has not answered these questions. We need to have satisfactory answers by the Commission and the courts so as to permit the pursuit and the effectuation of an antitrust policy consistent with the Congressional intent. OPINION OF THE Comnarsstow By. Dunntson, Commissioner ¢ , This matter is before the Commission on appeal by counsel supporting the complaint from the initial decision of the administrative law judge dismissing the matter for want of jurisdiction. On June 17, 1971, the Federal Trade Commission, after careful consideration and deliberation, found (1) it had reason to believe the respondent had violated Section 7 of the Clayton Act, as amended (15 U.S.C. 18), by its merger with Fidelity and Deposit Company of Maryland; (2) it had jurisdiction to proceed against the respondent ; and (3) that such proceeding was in the public interest. By his deci- . sion, filed March 7, 1972, the administrative law judge found, without benefit of admissions or evidence, the Commission lacked jurisdiction to rule on this merger because of the McCarran-Ferguson Insurance Regulation Act (15 U.S.C. 1011-15) (hereinafter referred to as the McCarran Act).

The issue of this appeal is succinctly stated as: Does the McCarran Act bar all Commission action where there exists state regulation? The resolution of this issue turns on either of two touchstones: (1) the extraterritorial concern of a state’s insurance matters, and (2) the meaning of the term “business of insurance” as employed by the Congress.

THE MCCARRAN-FERGUSON ACT The McCarran Act was a reaction to the South-Kastern Underwriters case 1 which reversed earlier case law 2 and held that insurance 1 United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Assn., 322 U.S, 533 (1944). 2 Paul v. Virginia, 8 Wall. 168 (1869).

1056 _ FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION DECISIONS Opinion 81 F.T.C.

transactions were subject to Federal regulation under the commerce clause. The subject of the South-Eastern Underwriters litigation was the antitrust implications of the rate-making combinations prevalent in the insurance industry. The year following the. Supreme Court decision Congress passed. the McCarran Act which provides that. after January 1, 1948, the Federal Trade Commission Act.shall apply to the business of insurance “to the extent that such business i is not regu-. lated. by. State law.” § ;

Therefore, it would seem that. for the statute to become operative i in a given situation, affirmative findings on the following questions need be made: (1). whether the particular business is. that of. insurance, i., whether the industry acts as. a.risk-bearer for a premium,‘ (2). whether the business activity challenged relates to the act.of risk bearing, (3) whether the state has regulatory authority to govern the challenged activity, and (4)- whether the state’s regulation is adequate. There is no question the respondent and the acquired company are insurance companies and that fact is acknowledged. 5 : THE BUSINESS OF INSURANCE - The second issue is whether the challenged activity (the merger) relates to the “business of insurance.” Section 2(b) of the McCarran Act preempts Federal jurisdiction only to the extent that the business of insurance is regulated by state law. In Securities and Eachange Commission v. National Securities, Inc., et al.,> the Supreme Court focused upon the question of what encompassed the “business of insurance” as used in Section 2(b). In that action the SEC brought suit against the defendant-insurance company alleging violation of Section 10(b) of the Securities Act of 1934 in connection with fraudulent misrepresentations in proxy statements sent to shareholders. The defendant questioned the SEC’s jurisdiction citing the McCarran Act and noting the fact the Arizona Director of Insurance had approved the merger. The Supreme Court, reversing the circuit court, held that: The McCarran-Ferguson Act was an attempt to turn back the clock, to assure that the activities of insurance companies in dealing with their policyholders would remain subject to state regulation. As the House Report makes clear, “{i]t [was] not the intention of Congress in the enactment of this legislation to clothe the States with any power to regulate or tax the business of instirance beyond that which they had been held to possess prior to the decision of the United States Supreme Court in the Southeastern Underwriters Association case.” HR Rep No. 148, 79th Cong. 1st Sess, 3 (1945). 3 Section 2(b) of the Act.

+ Epmeier v. United States, 199 F. 2d 508, 510 (1952). > Count 2 of the complaint; Initial Decision, Findings 1 and 2. 6 393 U.S. 453 (1969).

“INTERLOCUTORY ORDERS, ETC. | 1057 102° : - Opinion _ Given this history, the language of the statute takes on a different coloration. The statute did not purport.to make.the States supreme in regulating all. -the activities of insurance companies; its language refers not to the persons or companies who are ‘subject to state regulation, but. to laws “regulating the business of insurance.” Insurance companies may do many things which are subject to paramount. federal regulation ;.only when they are engaged in the “business of insurance does the statute apply.” Certainly the fixing of rates is part of this business; that is what South-Eastern Underwriters was all about. The selling and advertising of policies, FTC v National Casualty Co. 357 US 560 (1958), and the licensing of companies and. their agents, cf. Robertson v. California, 328 US 440 (1946), are also within the scope of the statute. Congress was concerned with the type of state regulation that centers around the contract of insurance, the transaction which Paul. v. Virginia held was not “commerce.” The relationship between insurer and insured, the type of policy which could be issued, its reliability, interpretation, and enforcement—these were the core of. the “business of insurance.” Undoubtedly, other activities of insurance companies relate so closely to their status as reliable insurers that they too must be placed in ~ the same class. But whatever the exact scope of the statutory term, it is clear where the focus was—it was on the relationship between the insurance company and the policyholder. Statutes aimed at protecting or regulating this relationship, directly or indirectly, -are laws regulating ‘the “business of insurance.” * The Court has defined the Congressional use of the term “business” as explicitly meaning the activity or practice of the companies comprising the insurance industry which centers around the contract of insurance.® Since the challenged merger does not affect the contractual relationship of the companies to their insureds, it is not a part of the “business of insurance” as that term has been interpreted. Respondent argues, however, that the merger is one of the “other activities of insurance companies that relates so closely to their status as reliable insurers” that it too must. be considered a part of the business (practice) of insurance. Two factors are relevant to this point. First, the merger prohibited by the Clayton Act is not so closely related to the business of insurance as to affect its reliability, vis-a-vis its policyholders. The thrust of Section 7 is concerned with the interests of the public at large in the protection and preservation of competition (not with the more limited interest of policyholders in the security of their investment). If the financial strength of one of the merged companies was so precarious as to jeopardize the policyholders of the other, the state concern for the protection of policyholders would be exclusive. Second, neither the Clayton Act nor the Commission’s actions in any way interfere with a state’s regulatory scheme. The existence of the Clayton Act or the Federal agency do not preclude Maryland or Texas from protecting the private interests of the 7Id. at 459-60.

®Note, Insurance Mergers and the Clayton Act, 78 Yale L.J. 1404, 1411 (1969). Opinion, 81 F.C, respondent’s policyholders. “The paramount federal interest * * * [in halting econoniic concentration] is in this situation perfectly compatible with the paramount state interest in protecting policyholders.” ° ' The enterprise aspect of the “business of insurance” has often been distinguished from the activity aspects.. For example, in the trade- - mark area, notwithstanding the McCarran-Ferguson Act and the fact the Texas Board of Insurance Commissioners had authority to prevent infringing trade names, the circuit courts held the Federal Trademark Act (15 U.S.C. §§ 1051-1127) was controlling."° Consequently, we find that the business of insurance for which regulation by a state may preempt Federal.jurisdiction does not include mergers or other combinations of enterprises engaged in the activity of selling insurance. 7 LIMITATIONS ON STATE REGULATION The Commission has previously reviewed the jurisdictional perimeters of state action*under the McCarran Act. In an earlier case, the Commission stated: cots te In the judgment of the [administrative law judge] the Commission’s juris- diction over the commercial activities of insurance companies is contingent upon an absence of State regulatory legislation. Implicit in that view is the proposition that the sum of jurisdiction—State and Federal—over commerce is no more than the aggregate of the several State jurisdictions. We need scarcely point out that such a concept not only neglects the exclusive Federal jurisdiction over commerce among the States, conferred by Section 3 of Article 1 of the Constitution of the United States, but is inconsistent with the fundamental constitutional doctrine of the separation of State and Federal powers.” “No regulation of the proposed acquisition * * * under [state] statutes can be adequate or effective because of territorial limitations of [the state’s] regulation.” ” This finding by the district court in a Section 7 case concisely denotes the limits of the McCarran Act. In the case now under consideration neither Texas nor Maryland (the home states of the acquiring and acquired companies) are in a position to determine the implications or impact of this merger on the national competitive condition of the insurance industry. Indeed, it is possible for an approving state’s interest to be contrary either to the national interests or to problems in the insurance industry nationally.

9 §.E.C. v. National Securities, 393 U.S. at 463. 10 Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. All States Life Ins. Co., 246 F. 2d 161 (5th Cir. 1957), cert. denied, 355 U.S. 894. See also, United States v. Sylvania, 192 F. 2d 96 (7th Cir. 1951), cert. denied, 342 U.S. 9483 (federal mail fraud statute). The American Hospital € Life Insurance Company, 52 F.T.C. 1100, 1109 (1956). 18 Maryland Casualty Co. v. American General Insurance Co., 1964 Trade Cases 71,188 (D.D.C. 1964).

INTERLOCUTORY. ORDERS, ETC. - 1059 1021. Opinion :

In determining the interest the states were to preempt under: the McCarran Act, the legislative history makes clear Congress did not intend one state, even the insurance company’s home state, to control those aspects of its business which affects many states or an industry as a whole. Senator Ferguson, one of the sponsors, stated: “This bill would not permit such an agreement, because no State law could allow a monopoly to exist outside the State.” #* This position is logical; the interests of a single state are more parochial and those considerations of the national competitive condition of the insurance industry may be considered as somewhat irrelevant by a particular state. The Supreme Court in a Commission matter appears to embrace this limited application of the Act. - a .

While not a merger case, the 7'’ravelers’ Court drew into question the nationwide competitive situation of an industry. 7’ravelers concerned the advertising practices of a mail order insurance company sending advertisements to all parts of the country. The facts indicated that Travelers was licensed in the States of Virginia and Nebraska, and that Nebraska’s insurance law prohibited unfair and deceptive practices in their conduct of the business of insurance in “any other state, territory * * * country or district.” The court of appeals reversed the Commission’s cease-and-desist. order, finding the McCarran Act’ had preempted Federal jurisdiction. The Supreme Court in reversing that decision stated :

[W]e are asked to hold that the McCarran-Ferguson Act operates to oust the Commission of jurisdiction by reason of a single State’s attempted regulation of its domiciliary’s extraterritorial activities. But we cannot believe that this kind of law of a single State takes from the residents of every other State the protection of the Federal Trade Commission Act. In our opinion the State regulation which Congress provided should operate to displace this federal law means regulation by the State in which the deception is practiced and has its impact (emphasis added) .* Since, in the case before us the alleged illegal restraint “is practiced and has its impact” in every state; upon the competitive status of the industry as a whole, the regulation by Texas and Maryland cannot deny the protection of the Clayton Act and the Federal Trade Commission to citizens of the other forty-eight states. The consideration of this merger by the regulators of insurance in Texas and Maryland, no matter how thorough," is insufficient to protect all citizens of this country from the evil which may result from the merger of two national 1391:2 Cong. Rec. 1481 (1945) (Remarks of Senator Ferguson). 4 Federal Trade Commission v. Travelers Health Assoc., 362 U.S. 298 (1960). 18 262 F. 2d 241 (8th Cir. 1959).

1% Td. at 296.

17 362 U.S. at 297-98, 1060. FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION DECISIONS Opinion 81 FEC.

insurance companies. We therefore not only find: ‘that neither Texas nor Maryland have regulations effectively reviewing the effects of insurance mergers on the industry as a whole, but find it impossible for any state to have such regulation.

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980 2 4 67.751938 -4 1 5 1 3 0 746 1016 1328 64 -1 5 1 5 1 3 1 746 1016 162 58 97.010658 provides5 1 5 1 3 2 921 1025 78 33 96.362190 that5 1 5 1 3 3 1012 1023 83 57 97.013130 they5 1 5 1 3 4 1109 1012 91 50 96.788742 shall5 1 5 1 3 5 1213 1019 62 38 96.467949 not5 1 5 1 3 6 1287 1017 48 37 96.467949 be5 1 5 1 3 7 1343 1013 193 50 95.744972 applicable5 1 5 1 3 8 1549 1024 44 29 96.765450 to5 1 5 1 3 9 1599 1019 59 33 96.667320 thes 1 5 1 3 10 1672 1022 116 29 96.476799 extent5 1 5 1 3 11 1800 1011 86 46 0.000000 that:5 1 5 1 3 12 1891 1017 82 33 0.000000 thes 1 5 1 3 13 1964 1028 110 22 93.240639 insur-4 1 5 1 4 0 747 1068 1346 48 -1 5 1 5 1 4 1 747 1077 83 39 96.241867 ances 1 5 1 4 2 847 1067 179 51 96.839027 business5 1 5 1 4 3 1016 1085 31 22 96.927757 is5 1 5 1 4 4 1064 1067 185 49 96.506805 regulated5 1 5 1 4 5 1261 1067 59 48 96.816978 by5 1 5 1 4 6 1324 1076 89 29 96.956909 states 1 5 1 4 7 1429 1072 76 39 96.841667 law.5 1 5 1 4 8 1523 1061 75 43 95.742249 Thes 1 5 1 4 9 1615 1069 254 35 96.459068 Commissions 1 5 1 4 10 1860 1079 35 26 96.849243 is5 1 5 1 4 11 1905 1068 117 33 96.928932 bounds 1 5 1 4 12 2038 1072 55 29 50.182003 to.4 1 5 1 5 0 745 1119 1330 69 -1 5 1 5 1 5 1 745 1120 186 68 35.600372 carefully’5 1 5 1 5 2 937 1124 183 34 96.520370 scrutinize5 1 5 1 5 3 1141 1135 70 31 96.607307 any5 1 5 1 5 4 1231 1123 133 42 96.793846 alleged5 1 5 1 5 5 1382 1122 196 43 96.057030 exemptions 1 5 1 5 6 1597 1132 40 22 96.773888 or5 1 5 1 5 7 1655 1119 199 43 95.975090 immunity5 1 5 1 5 8 1853 1123 43 35 90.519173 to5 1 5 1 5 9 1914 1113 60 39 96.804863 thes 1 5 1 5 10 1987 1119 88 45 96.804863 laws4 1 5 1 6 0 748 1171 1343 49 -1 5 1 5 1 6 1 748 1176 72 42 67.325714 it,is5 1 5 1 6 2 832 1176 157 44 96.251930 charged5 1 5 1 6 3 995 1180 36 29 95.954010 to5 1 5 1 6 4 1043 1176 153 37 95.308571 enforce.5 1 5 1 6 5 1207 1175 134 40 96.975403 Should5 1 5 1 6 6 1353 1175 59 32 96.749084 thes 1 5 1 6 7 1423 1174 118 48 95.761383 illegal5 1 5 1 6 8 1555 1173 145 42 96.221535 activity5 1 5 1 6 9 1712 1172 65 33 95.310982 falls 1 5 1 6 10 1791 1172 149 38 96.664322 without5 1 5 1 6 11 1950 1171 59 32 93.086113 thes 1 5 1 6 12 2020 1181 54 22 87.787216 ex-5 1 5 1 6 13 2089 1194 2 3 87.787216 .4 1 5 1 7 0 746 1216 1330 63 -1 5 1 5 1 7 1 746 1216 164 63 30.073265 emption.5 1 5 1 7 2 922 1238 40 28 96.483002 or5 1 5 1 7 3 985 1224 201 49 96.426689 immunity,5 1 5 1 7 4 1204 1218 61 48 96.736099 thes 1 5 1 7 5 1276 1220 237 49 96.108543 Commissions 1 5 1 7 6 1534 1226 63 38 96.313911 not5 1 5 1 7 7 1617 1223 83 41 96.765564 only5 1 5 1 7 8 1720 1232 88 31 96.822762 can,5 1 5 1 7 9 1815 1221 63 41 96.626198 but5 1 5 1 7 10 1898 1224 93 29 95.313789 must5 1 5 1 7 11 2011 1223 65 30 94.716835 act.4 1 5 1 8 0 748 1269 1330 53 -1 5 1 5 1 8 1 748 1272 95 50 96.371452 Here5 1 5 1 8 2 856 1278 59 33 97.003418 thes 1 5 1 8 3 928 1269 196 53 96.035248 McCarran5 1 5 1 8 4 1137 1271 69 47 96.314209 Acts 1 5 1 8 5 1219 1276 87 41 96.314209 does5 1 5 1 8 6 1313 1278 61 38 86.716980 not5 1 5 1 8 7 1377 1275 98 42 86.716980 give,5 1 5 1 8 8 1489 1285 65 32 96.712959 nor5 1 5 1 8 9 1567 1284 78 33 96.759903 was5 1 5 1 8 10 1649 1274 31 41 96.611664 it5 1 5 1 8 11 1693 1272 163 38 96.276245 intended5 1 5 1 8 12 1868 1276 37 29 96.915634 to5 1 5 1 8 13 1917 1271 89 42 96.654411 give,5 1 5 1 8 14 2018 1271 60 32 96.257935 thea 1 5 1 9 0 748 1319 1329 63 -1 5 1 5 1 9 1 748 1319 186 58 96.765381 immunity5 1 5 1 9 2 947 1319 151 49 95.670578 asserted5 1 5 1 9 3 1110 1324 47 46 95.670578 by5 1 5 1 9 4 1170 1320 207 55 95.780792 respondents 1 5 1 9 5 1389 1325 70 33 96.232170 ands 1 5 1 9 6 1471 1315 112 49 96.376762 found5 1 5 1 9 7 1594 1325 55 57 79.536545 by,5 1 5 1 9 8 1652 1313 60 43 95.567200 thes 1 5 1 9 9 1723 1322 277 34 96.840721 administrative5 1 5 1 9 10 2009 1319 68 47 96.772842 law4 1 5 1 10 0 740 1360 1338 87 -1 5 1 5 1 10 1 740 1370 125 61 93.700554 judge.5 1 5 1 10 2 878 1380 51 32 96.336914 As5 1 5 1 10 3 940 1372 60 40 95.654045 thes 1 5 1 10 4 1013 1376 168 44 96.772415 Supreme5 1 5 1 10 5 1194 1373 109 41 96.792496 Courts 1 5 1 10 6 1314 1377 124 41 96.485435 noted5 1 5 1 10 7 1430 1388 36 27 96.893021 in5 1 5 1 10 8 1480 1376 186 47 96.954788 reviewing5 1 5 1 10 9 1677 1376 59 31 96.813873 thes 1 5 1 10 10 1746 1362 137 58 96.457520 limited5 1 5 1 10 11 1893 1360 185 87 96.859276 immunity4 1 5 1 11 0 749 1421 600 63 -1 5 1 5 1 11 1 749 1425 171 59 96.786102 provided5 1 5 1 11 2 930 1426 47 47 96.691635 by5 1 5 1 11 3 988 1430 58 32 96.646980 thes 1 5 1 11 4 1057 1425 201 53 95.759842 McCarran5 1 5 1 11 5 1263 1421 86 48 94.293076 Act:2 1 6 0 0 0 739 1468 1349 657 -1 3 1 6 1 0 0 739 1468 1349 227 -1 4 1 6 1 1 0 785 1468 1293 63 -1 5 1 6 1 1 1 785 1500 108 31 85.180382 (Suffice5 1 6 1 1 2 909 1498 28 33 94.337311 it5 1 6 1 1 3 951 1501 29 24 94.337311 to5 1 6 1 1 4 997 1506 52 25 82.977676 says 1 6 1 1 5 1061 1500 163 29 69.093262 that.even5 1 6 1 1 6 1240 1499 50 24 96.426491 thes 1 6 1 1 7 1305 1470 77 53 94.409431 most5 1 6 1 1 8 1392 1503 124 23 59.729683 cursory:5 1 6 1 1 9 1529 1497 126 29 95.112587 readings 1 6 1 1 10 1672 1496 32 24 95.977982 of5 1 6 1 1 11 1718 1496 51 27 96.281708 thes 1 6 1 1 12 1777 1468 175 56 85.872566 Jegislative5 1 6 1 1 13 1966 1491 112 31 96.394539 history4 1 6 1 2 0 754 1537 1324 31 -1 5 1 6 1 2 1 754 1544 31 24 96.095406 of5 1 6 1 2 2 798 1544 59 24 96.095406 this5 1 6 1 2 3 871 1543 173 35 0.000000 enactment5 1 6 1 2 4 1050 1542 101 24 0.000000 .makes5 1 6 1 2 5 1163 1542 27 24 96.921906 it5 1 6 1 2 6 1202 1542 80 24 96.790604 clears 1 6 1 2 7 1294 1542 66 33 96.789436 that5 1 6 1 2 8 1373 1540 40 24 95.753555 its5 1 6 1 2 9 1426 1540 148 33 91.551300 exclusive5 1 6 1 2 10 1585 1544 130 24 95.547249 purpose.5 1 6 1 2 11 1723 1544 61 18 95.547249 was5 1 6 1 2 12 1797 1538 32 24 96.622543 to5 1 6 1 2 13 1840 1537 169 24 96.378685 counteract5 1 6 1 2 14 2022 1542 56 22 96.512535 any4 1 6 1 3 0 739 1576 1349 41 -1 5 1 6 1 3 1 739 1614 3 3 89.947495 _5 1 6 1 3 2 754 1587 123 32 93.666023 adverse5 1 6 1 3 3 889 1576 85 35 94.620598 effects 1 6 1 3 4 988 1586 67 23 96.483528 that5 1 6 1 3 5 1068 1577 60 32 96.710701 this5 1 6 1 3 6 1141 1576 115 41 91.766777 Court’s5 1 6 1 3 7 1268 1583 134 34 96.473030 decisions 1 6 1 3 8 1410 1583 32 23 96.589493 in5 1 6 1 3 9 1454 1582 109 24 96.507721 United5 1 6 1 3 10 1576 1581 98 24 93.277031 States5 1 6 1 3 11 1688 1587 24 18 90.955872 v.5 1 6 1 3 12 1720 1580 111 34 92.922394 South-5 1 6 1 3 13 1832 1579 128 29 72.267273 Eastern5 1 6 1 3 14 1972 1578 116 27 83.122986 Under-.4 1 6 1 4 0 752 1616 1329 68 -1 5 1 6 1 4 1 752 1623 125 30 95.374489 writers5 1 6 1 4 2 892 1616 107 68 73.027725 Assoc.,5 1 6 1 4 3 1014 1626 53 25 79.310867 8225 1 6 1 4 4 1090 1626 64 25 93.633751 U.S.5 1 6 1 4 5 1178 1620 60 34 95.680283 533,5 1 6 1 4 6 1262 1617 93 38 95.982887 might5 1 6 1 4 7 1378 1616 34 34 95.982887 be5 1 6 1 4 8 1433 1620 94 29 95.744629 found5 1 6 1 4 9 1549 1625 30 28 95.744629 to5 1 6 1 4 10 1601 1623 75 24 96.819687 have5 1 6 1 4 11 1698 1629 37 18 96.164040 on5 1 6 1 4 12 1758 1622 83 24 95.968117 States 1 6 1 4 13 1863 1613 164 37 96.521919 regulations 1 6 1 4 14 2048 1620 33 24 96.535538 of4 1 6 1 5 0 754 1667 184 28 -1 5 1 6 1 5 1 754 1667 184 28 90.707962 insurance.”3 1 6 2 0 0 751 1721 1334 404 -1 4 1 6 2 1 0 794 1721 1289 46 -1 5 1 6 2 1 1 794 1726 74 32 95.032898 Thes 1 6 2 1 2 883 1737 134 30 96.151108 mergers 1 6 2 1 3 1032 1725 144 41 96.399704 activity5 1 6 2 1 4 1192 1724 213 41 96.729553 complained5 1 6 2 1 5 1421 1722 39 33 96.729553 of5 1 6 2 1 6 1474 1723 37 31 96.994064 in5 1 6 2 1 7 1525 1722 70 33 96.917076 this5 1 6 2 1 8 1611 1722 137 33 96.406975 Sections 1 6 2 1 9 1765 1721 19 32 96.406975 75 1 6 2 1 10 1800 1724 124 28 96.511452 matters 1 6 2 1 11 1939 1730 68 21 96.759720 was5 1 6 2 1 12 2021 1722 62 29 96.975937 nota 1 6 2 2 0 751 1770 1328 39 -1 5 1 6 2 2 1 751 1787 64 22 96.991226 ones 1 6 2 2 2 833 1777 39 32 96.545784 of5 1 6 2 2 3 890 1777 58 32 95.931412 thes 1 6 2 2 4 965 1776 164 33 96.191803 “adverse5 1 6 2 2 5 1145 1776 136 31 96.191803 effects”5 1 6 2 2 6 1299 1774 39 33 96.368774 of5 1 6 2 2 7 1355 1773 58 33 96.368774 thes 1 6 2 2 8 1429 1773 279 33 60.049870 South-Eastern5 1 6 2 2 9 1727 1770 252 33 95.694931 Underwriters5 1 6 2 2 10 1996 1779 83 22 90.544708 case.4 1 6 2 3 0 754 1820 1326 50 -1 5 1 6 2 3 1 754 1827 262 43 96.591110 Consequently,5 1 6 2 3 2 1032 1839 50 21 96.970963 we5 1 6 2 3 3 1097 1827 73 32 96.730125 finds 1 6 2 3 4 1185 1826 77 32 96.802338 that5 1 6 2 3 5 1276 1825 133 32 96.802338 neither5 1 6 2 3 6 1423 1824 58 33 97.018349 thes 1 6 2 3 7 1495 1824 172 42 96.707710 languages 1 6 2 3 8 1680 1822 39 32 96.992256 of5 1 6 2 3 9 1733 1821 57 33 96.591736 thes 1 6 2 3 10 1804 1824 128 30 96.965683 statutes 1 6 2 3 11 1946 1831 64 21 96.989243 nor5 1 6 2 3 12 2022 1820 58 31 96.919250 thea 1 6 2 4 0 752 1870 1330 51 -1 5 1 6 2 4 1 752 1878 192 43 95.649689 legislative5 1 6 2 4 2 962 1878 135 41 96.873444 history5 1 6 2 4 3 1115 1877 151 32 96.859009 indicates 1 6 2 4 4 1283 1877 77 31 96.895317 that5 1 6 2 4 5 1378 1876 59 32 96.931618 thes 1 6 2 4 6 1456 1874 228 34 96.514137 Commissions 1 6 2 4 7 1702 1873 61 32 96.570976 has5 1 6 2 4 8 1780 1873 85 32 95.943420 been5 1 6 2 4 9 1883 1870 199 43 96.452499 preempted4 1 6 2 5 0 753 1921 1329 50 -1 5 1 6 2 5 1 753 1929 93 33 96.051483 from5 1 6 2 5 2 868 1928 222 43 96.493057 challenging5 1 6 2 5 3 1111 1927 71 33 93.205986 this5 1 6 2 5 4 1204 1929 171 40 12.949799 merger.2°5 1 6 2 5 5 1399 1925 244 42 96.704102 Accordingly,5 1 6 2 5 6 1665 1924 59 32 97.017204 thes 1 6 2 5 7 1745 1923 115 33 96.634491 initials 1 6 2 5 8 1882 1921 149 33 96.623779 decisions 1 6 2 5 9 2052 1921 30 32 96.528755 is4 1 6 2 6 0 756 1973 1327 48 -1 5 1 6 2 6 1 756 1981 164 31 94.978745 reversed.5 1 6 2 6 2 937 1980 58 32 96.875328 An5 1 6 2 6 3 1009 1980 225 41 96.495865 appropriate5 1 6 2 6 4 1248 1980 101 31 93.287376 orders 1 6 2 6 5 1363 1977 205 42 91.717628 remanding5 1 6 2 6 6 1579 1977 70 31 96.882523 this5 1 6 2 6 7 1664 1980 123 28 96.984184 matters 1 6 2 6 8 1801 1978 37 29 96.983742 to5 1 6 2 6 9 1851 1975 58 31 93.305977 thes 1 6 2 6 10 1922 1973 161 33 92.804138 adminis-4 1 6 2 7 0 754 2025 1331 48 -1 5 1 6 2 7 1 754 2031 127 33 96.316383 trative5 1 6 2 7 2 896 2031 67 32 96.316383 laws 1 6 2 7 3 978 2031 106 42 96.432823 judges 1 6 2 7 4 1099 2030 58 32 96.959808 for5 1 6 2 7 5 1172 2030 137 32 97.014832 furthers 1 6 2 7 6 1323 2029 160 41 96.859344 hearings5 1 6 2 7 7 1498 2031 61 29 97.002762 not5 1 6 2 7 8 1573 2027 221 32 96.913376 inconsistent5 1 6 2 7 9 1808 2025 86 32 97.009644 with5 1 6 2 7 10 1907 2025 59 32 96.467133 thes 1 6 2 7 11 1980 2025 105 32 96.467133 above4 1 6 2 8 0 755 2081 483 44 -1 5 1 6 2 8 1 755 2081 234 44 96.111870 accompanies5 1 6 2 8 2 1001 2081 71 34 96.820404 this5 1 6 2 8 3 1085 2081 153 42 96.384644 opinion.2 1 7 0 0 0 820 2169 1203 89 -1 3 1 7 1 0 0 820 2169 1203 89 -1 4 1 7 1 1 0 820 2169 1203 40 -1 5 1 7 1 1 1 820 2175 115 34 40.728649 Orper5 1 7 1 1 2 965 2175 186 32 0.000000 Vacating5 1 7 1 1 3 1174 2174 142 33 19.252640 Inrrtan5 1 7 1 1 4 1340 2174 171 32 83.252586 Decisions 1 7 1 1 5 1532 2183 72 21 91.817047 ANDS 1 7 1 1 6 1626 2172 224 31 41.994011 Remanpine5 1 7 1 1 7 1872 2169 90 33 80.105453 Cases 1 7 1 1 8 1983 2179 40 22 82.945663 TO4 1 7 1 2 0 1147 2224 550 34 -1 5 1 7 1 2 1 1147 2226 305 32 95.048721 ADMINISTRATIVE5 1 7 1 2 2 1474 2224 85 32 96.370796 Laws 1 7 1 2 3 1583 2224 114 33 95.409157 JUDGE2 1 8 0 0 0 757 2298 1330 155 -1 3 1 8 1 0 0 757 2298 1330 155 -1 4 1 8 1 1 0 798 2298 1289 53 -1 5 1 8 1 1 1 798 2311 86 33 96.508018 This5 1 8 1 1 2 899 2314 125 29 96.070343 matters 1 8 1 1 3 1039 2310 132 41 96.857613 having5 1 8 1 1 4 1186 2298 91 44 96.642212 comes 1 8 1 1 5 1293 2320 44 21 96.957260 on5 1 8 1 1 6 1351 2313 34 28 96.951157 to5 1 8 1 1 7 1402 2309 40 32 96.139099 be5 1 8 1 1 8 1457 2308 107 33 96.139099 heard5 1 8 1 1 9 1580 2319 93 30 96.146576 upon5 1 8 1 1 10 1687 2307 58 38 96.729874 thes 1 8 1 1 11 1759 2306 124 42 96.729874 appeals 1 8 1 1 12 1898 2304 39 33 96.835533 of5 1 8 1 1 13 1951 2304 136 33 96.855972 counsel4 1 8 1 2 0 757 2354 1330 50 -1 5 1 8 1 2 1 757 2361 208 43 96.734894 supporting5 1 8 1 2 2 979 2362 60 32 96.816086 thes 1 8 1 2 3 1055 2361 190 42 96.346619 complaints 1 8 1 2 4 1262 2361 92 32 96.565979 from5 1 8 1 2 5 1370 2360 59 32 96.584435 thes 1 8 1 2 6 1445 2358 276 34 96.925682 administrative5 1 8 1 2 7 1738 2358 64 31 93.104836 laws 1 8 1 2 8 1824 2356 134 42 92.324165 judge’s5 1 8 1 2 9 1974 2354 113 33 96.914314 initial4 1 8 1 3 0 757 2411 612 42 -1 5 1 8 1 3 1 757 2411 151 35 96.527306 decisions 1 8 1 3 2 919 2413 81 33 96.431465 filed5 1 8 1 3 3 1010 2412 124 34 96.630913 March5 1 8 1 3 4 1144 2412 31 41 96.603218 7,5 1 8 1 3 5 1188 2412 98 41 94.039680 1972;5 1 8 1 3 6 1300 2411 69 33 96.186890 and2 1 9 0 0 0 759 2491 1327 237 -1 3 1 9 1 0 0 790 2491 1046 31 -1 4 1 9 1 1 0 790 2491 1046 31 -1 5 1 9 1 1 1 790 2500 19 13 82.391373 18.5 1 9 1 1 2 820 2499 93 22 82.928314 United5 1 9 1 1 3 923 2499 88 20 93.194298 States5 1 9 1 1 4 1023 2503 21 16 86.997139 v.5 1 9 1 1 5 1057 2497 181 25 95.630272 Philadelphia5 1 9 1 1 6 1248 2491 123 27 96.491348 National5 1 9 1 1 7 1382 2496 80 24 96.733185 Bank,5 1 9 1 1 8 1474 2496 46 20 95.938202 3745 1 9 1 1 9 1533 2495 56 21 95.606613 U.S.5 1 9 1 1 10 1603 2494 55 24 87.319664 321,5 1 9 1 1 11 1671 2494 48 21 94.011574 3485 1 9 1 1 12 1734 2493 102 25 95.446991 (1963).3 1 9 2 0 0 793 2528 927 29 -1 4 1 9 2 1 0 793 2528 927 29 -1 5 1 9 2 1 1 793 2533 19 14 73.839531 185 1 9 2 1 2 820 2533 138 24 95.694000 Maryland5 1 9 2 1 3 973 2532 124 24 60.785728 Casualty5 1 9 2 1 4 1113 2531 40 21 91.570923 Oo.5 1 9 2 1 5 1170 2536 22 15 92.997047 v.5 1 9 2 1 6 1210 2530 121 25 96.436913 Cushing,5 1 9 2 1 7 1345 2530 47 21 75.824768 3475 1 9 2 1 8 1407 2529 57 22 95.408348 U.S.5 1 9 2 1 9 1480 2530 55 23 95.612259 409,5 1 9 2 1 10 1550 2528 49 21 84.383171 4135 1 9 2 1 11 1618 2528 102 24 95.835533 (1954).3 1 9 3 0 0 759 2558 1327 170 -1 4 1 9 3 1 0 790 2558 1296 32 -1 5 1 9 3 1 1 790 2567 20 14 91.848839 25 1 9 3 1 2 822 2567 137 21 94.773186 Inasmuch5 1 9 3 1 3 976 2572 29 15 94.811348 as5 1 9 3 1 4 1024 2572 37 15 96.920158 we5 1 9 3 1 5 1079 2566 80 21 96.197693 found5 1 9 3 1 6 1177 2565 60 21 96.398796 that5 1 9 3 1 7 1260 2565 38 25 96.830338 (1)5 1 9 3 1 8 1322 2569 98 20 96.615570 mergers 1 9 3 1 9 1439 2563 108 24 96.186638 activity5 1 9 3 1 10 1567 2568 52 15 96.537231 was5 1 9 3 1 11 1639 2563 45 19 96.545280 not5 1 9 3 1 12 1704 2567 14 15 95.066292 a5 1 9 3 1 13 1738 2561 58 25 96.489090 part.5 1 9 3 1 14 1816 2560 28 21 96.441170 of5 1 9 3 1 15 1862 2560 43 20 96.441170 thes 1 9 3 1 16 1924 2558 115 21 96.691338 business5 1 9 3 1 17 2057 2558 29 20 96.757103 of4 1 9 3 2 0 760 2592 1325 33 -1 5 1 9 3 2 1 760 2600 143 25 96.172203 insurance,5 1 9 3 2 2 919 2605 29 16 96.629997 as5 1 9 3 2 3 964 2601 59 20 96.094635 that5 1 9 3 2 4 1041 2601 64 19 96.454559 terms 1 9 3 2 5 1121 2600 21 21 96.454559 is5 1 9 3 2 6 1159 2600 62 20 96.327721 used5 1 9 3 2 7 1237 2599 27 20 96.046478 in5 1 9 3 2 8 1280 2599 43 20 96.269569 thes 1 9 3 2 9 1339 2598 140 21 96.563148 McCarran5 1 9 3 2 10 1496 2597 55 24 96.350136 Act,5 1 9 3 2 11 1570 2596 51 21 96.206894 ands 1 9 3 2 12 1641 2596 39 24 96.206894 (2)5 1 9 3 2 13 1703 2596 68 20 96.617355 states 1 9 3 2 14 1788 2593 143 26 96.347740 regulations 1 9 3 2 15 1950 2592 74 22 96.077515 could5 1 9 3 2 16 2040 2592 45 20 96.466866 nota 1 9 3 3 0 760 2626 1325 33 -1 5 1 9 3 3 1 760 2635 65 21 96.641319 have5 1 9 3 3 2 840 2634 219 22 96.086853 extraterritorial5 1 9 3 3 3 1074 2633 83 26 96.942513 effect,5 1 9 3 3 4 1171 2633 24 20 96.655739 it5 1 9 3 3 5 1210 2633 22 20 96.316948 is5 1 9 3 3 6 1248 2637 171 19 96.238953 unnecessary5 1 9 3 3 7 1435 2632 42 20 96.238953 for5 1 9 3 3 8 1491 2636 30 16 96.643913 us5 1 9 3 3 9 1538 2631 26 20 96.584267 to5 1 9 3 3 10 1582 2630 139 21 96.853020 determines 1 9 3 3 11 1738 2629 42 20 96.692039 thes 1 9 3 3 12 1795 2628 101 23 96.873917 efficacy5 1 9 3 3 13 1912 2632 29 15 97.006065 or5 1 9 3 3 14 1957 2626 128 24 96.566460 adequacy4 1 9 3 4 0 759 2659 1327 34 -1 5 1 9 3 4 1 759 2670 28 19 96.536858 of5 1 9 3 4 2 802 2669 43 20 96.427673 thes 1 9 3 4 3 860 2669 69 21 96.540489 states 1 9 3 4 4 944 2668 148 25 91.724327 regulatory5 1 9 3 4 5 1108 2667 117 25 96.556015 agencies5 1 9 3 4 6 1241 2667 87 20 96.225647 herein5 1 9 3 4 7 1345 2666 125 21 96.339622 involved.5 1 9 3 4 8 1487 2665 55 24 96.375435 See,5 1 9 3 4 9 1558 2665 63 21 95.978287 Ohio5 1 9 3 4 10 1639 2662 136 21 43.419533 AFL-CIO5 1 9 3 4 11 1792 2667 23 15 88.739845 v.5 1 9 3 4 12 1834 2662 142 20 96.110596 Insurance5 1 9 3 4 13 1992 2659 94 25 96.294357 Rating4 1 9 3 5 0 761 2696 1053 32 -1 5 1 9 3 5 1 761 2703 92 25 96.486221 Board,5 1 9 3 5 2 865 2704 46 20 93.199554 4515 1 9 3 5 3 925 2702 27 22 54.401268 F,5 1 9 3 5 4 964 2702 33 21 76.547379 2d5 1 9 3 5 5 1009 2702 64 22 94.116997 11785 1 9 3 5 6 1090 2698 58 28 88.537659 (6th5 1 9 3 5 7 1161 2701 50 21 96.335434 Cir.5 1 9 3 5 8 1226 2701 90 26 96.802544 1971),5 1 9 3 5 9 1327 2701 61 20 96.693596 cert.5 1 9 3 5 10 1403 2699 98 25 96.493034 denied,5 1 9 3 5 11 1513 2698 49 22 96.311882 4095 1 9 3 5 12 1576 2698 56 21 95.863419 U.S.5 1 9 3 5 13 1646 2698 50 21 95.065048 9175 1 9 3 5 14 1714 2696 100 26 96.821960 (1972). _ INTERLOCUTORY ORDERS, ETC. - 1061 1021 Order The Commission, for the reasons stated in the accompanying opinion, having determined that said initial decision should be vacated and the case remanded to the administrative law judge; It is ordered, That the aforesaid initial decision be vacated and set aside.

It is further ordered, That this case be remanded to the administrative law judge for further proceedings not inconsistent with the | views expressed in the aforesaid opinion; That after such proceedings have been terminated the administrative law judge shall forthwith make and file a new initial decision based: on the record as then constituted.

Chairman Kirkpatrick not participating. Commissioner Dixon con-: curs only in that section of the opinion entitled “Limitations on State Regulation,” and for that reason, concurs in the order vacating the initial decision and remanding the case to the administrative law judge. Commissioner MacIntyre’s position is that the decision of the majority certainly should have provided for the receipt of further . information, hearings and consideration by the parties, the administrative law judge and-the: Commission respecting applicable state laws and their implementation as they would relate to an acquisition or’ merger such as the one involved here. He would concur with the decision of the majority to that extent and for the reasons set forth in his separate statement. .

JAMES CARPETS, INC., ET AL.

Docket 8876. Order and opinion, Dec. 11, 1972 Order and opinion denying interlocutory appeal of denial of respondents’ motion to stay complaint counsel from communicating with respondents’ customers. Oprtnion OF THE COMMISSION This case is on an interlocutory appeal from an administrative law judge’s order dated August 8, 1972, denying respondents’ motion to stay complaint counsel from communicating with respondents’ customers pending conclusion of this case before the Commission. The administrative law judge found that the letters sent by complaint counsel to respondents’ customers, which respondents complain of, are entirely in accordance with the enforcement procedures prescribed in the Commission’s policy for enforcement of the Flammable Fabrics Act (36 Fed. Reg. 21544 (1971)). In our opinion, complaint counsel’s letters to respondents’ customers not only comply with the Commis- ‘sion’s enforcement policy but are necessary in order for the Commis- 1062 _ FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION DECISIONS Opinion 81 F.C.

sion, to effectively carry out its responsibilities under the Flammable Fabrics Act to protect the public against carpeting which may be dangerously flammable. Oe Respondents object to complaint counsel’s stating in these letters that Commission’s laboratory has conducted tests which disclose that styles of carpeting which are involved in this proceeding do not meet the applicable standard under the Flammable Fabrics Act. Respondents do not contend that such tests were not conducted or that they’ did not have the results indicated. Accordingly, complaint counsel ‘should be allowed to inform respondents’ customers of these tests, in order to alert them that the continued sale of the carpeting may violate the law. oe :

Respondents also complain of complaint counsel’s statement in these letters that the sale of the carpeting “is a violation of the Flammable Fabrics Act.” We believe that this statement: purports to reflect only the opinion of the complaint counsel since the letters are signed by complaint counsel in his capacity as complaint counsel... Orver Denyine Interlocutory APPEAL Respondents having filed an interlocutory appeal from the order of the administrative law judge dated August 8, 1972, denying respondents’ motion to stay complaint counsel from communicating with respondents’ customers; and The Commission having considered said appeal and the reply of complaint counsel in opposition thereto and having determined for the reasons stated in the accompanying opinion that the appeal should be denied :

It is ordered, That respondents’ appeal from the administrative law judge’s order dated August 8, 1972, be and it is hereby denied. JAMES CARPETS, INC., ET AL.

Docket 8876. Order, Dec. 18, 1972.

Order denying recommendation of administrative law judge that Commission seek enforcement of subpoena issued to third party and returning matter to the administrative law judge for further consideration of such action as may be deemed appropriate in the circumstances. Order The administrative law judge having issued on July 6, 1972, a subpoena duces tecwm to Cornelius C. Setter, president of Independent Textile Testing Services, Inc. (hereafter referred to as “Independ- INTERLOCUTORY ORDERS, ETC. 1063 1021 Order ent”), and on July 27, 1972, having issued an order denying a motion by Independent to quash said subpoena duces tecum, and, The administrative law judge having certified to the Commission the refusal of Independent to comply with said subpoena duces tecum in accordance with the administrative law judge’s order of July 27, 1972, and having recommended that the Commission seek court enforcement of said subpoena; and, The Commission having reviewed the papers referred to in the administrative law judge’s certification, namely, the motion to quash filed by Independent, the administrative law judge’s order of July 27, 1972, denying said motion to quash, the motion of Independent under Section 3.23(b) of the Commission’s Rules of Practice for a determination allowing an appeal of the administrative law judge’s order, the administrative law judge’s order of August 16, 1972, denying Independent’s request for a determination, and Independent’s letter dated September 14, 1972, advising complaint counsel that Independent will not voluntarily comply with the administrative law judge’s order of July 27, 1972; and, The Commission having determined that consideration should also be made as to whether the material sought in the subpoena could not be obtained as expeditiously from respondents: , It is ordered, That the recommendation of the administrative law judge that the Commission seek enforcement of the subpoena duces tecum issued to Cornelius C. Setter, president of Independent Textile Testing Service, Inc., on July 6, 1972, be, and it hereby is, denied without prejudice.

It is further ordered, That the matter is returned to the administrative law judge for further consideration or such action as may be deemed appropriate in the circumstances.

ADVISORY OPINIONS WITH REQUESTS THEREFOR* Resvission of Adwisory Opinion .

No. 88. Thrée-way Promotional Plan Set Up by Radio Station and Financed by Participating Retailers and Their ‘Suppliers. - The Commission has reconsidered and rescinded the subject advisory opinion appearing at 70 F. T. C. 1869. » (File 2 No. 683 7022, released J july’ 7, 1972. ) Product | ‘information - disclosure “on jewelry—“18K H. GE 1g _, Stamped alone and together with a tag bearing the words “18K ' Heavy Gold Electroplate.” (File No. 723 7007), Opinion Letter sot oe es . ‘Aveusr 18, 1972).

Dear Mr. WInDMAN: .

This is in response to your letter request dated April 21, 1972, for an advisory opinion.

You requested the Commission’s views regarding the propriety of using “18K H.G.E.” alone stamped on a piece of jewelry, and, alternatively, such use if a tag were attached bearing the words “18K Heavy Gold Electroplate.” It is the Commission’s understanding that, in con- *Prior to October 29, 1969, in conformity with the policy of the Commission, advisory opinions were confidential and available to the public only in digest form. Digests of advisory opinions were published in the Federal Register. The policy was changed on October 29, 1969, to provide for publication of advisory opinions and requests therefor, including names and details, when rendered, subject to any limitations on public disclosure arising from statutory restrictions, the Commission’s rules, and the public interest. The policy was again changed on December 22, 1971, to provide for the placement in the Commisston’s public record of advisory opinions and requests therefor, including names and details, immediately after the requesting party has received the Commission’s advice, subject to any limitations on public disclosure arising from statutory restrictions, the Commission’s rules, and the public interest. In the case of requests for advice concerning proposed. mergers, the requests together with supporting materials are placed on the public record as soon after they are received as circumstances permit, except for information for which confidential classification has been requested, with a showing therefor, and which the Commission, with due regard to statutory restrictions, its rules, and the public interest, has determined should not be made public. Any advice given: under Section 1.8 of the Commission’s Rules of Practice concerning proposed. mergers, together with a statement of supporting reasons, are published when given.

494-841—73——-68 1066 ' FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION DECISIONS Opinion 81 F-L.C.

formity with Rule 22C (3) of the Trade Practice Rules for the Jewelry Industry amended November 17, 1959 (16 C.F-.R. 23), the jewelry so represented would be covered ‘throughout with a minimum thickness of 100/1,000,000 of fine gold. | The Commission is of the opinion. that use of “18K H.G.E.” alone on a piece of jewelry electroplated with gold would raise questions under Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act because purchasers probably would be misled as to the meaning of the description due to use of the abbreviation. - The Commission cannot accept your - suggestion that no quality disclosure need be made ifthe disclosure can only be made by abbreviation: The Commission favors disclosure by manufacturers and: retailers of significant information regarding consumer products i order to assist. prospective purchasers in making-informed purchasing decisions. If the surface of the jewelry. is large enough to contain a full disclosure, use of a tag. would be an unacceptable substitute for such disclosure on the item. itself. On the other hand, if the surface of the jewelry is too small to contain a full disclosure, the maximum reasonable abbreviated disclosure should be set forth on the jewelry item and the full disclosure should be contained on a securely attached tag. In some circumstances, the failure to make an adequate disclosure could raise a question as to whether Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act had been violated.

By direction of the Commission.

Letier of Request Avprin 21, 1972.

Dear Mr. Torin:

This is a request pursuant to Section 1.1 of the Commission’s Procedures and Rules of Practice for an Advisory Opinion. _ We have been requested by a member not presently engaged in the following practices to advise them as to the propriety of stamping “18K H G. E.” on items of jewelry manufactured for ultimate sale to consumers. The initials are abbreviations for the marking, “Heavy Gold. Electroplate.” We have been further requested to advise in the event abbreviations are found capable of deception, whether the above abbreviation together with a tag attached affirmatively disclosing the item is “18K Heavy Gold Electroplate” would avoid the possibility of deception.

The Commission in its Advisory Opinion to Parker Pen Company CCH 19,802 announced September 30, 1971 stated that abbreviation of the term “electroplate” or “electroplated” to indicate that an item ADVISORY: OPINIONS WITH. REQUESTS THEREFOR 1067 1065. -: Request is gold electroplate[d] would tend to mislead many consumers who would not know what the abbreviation signified and would, therefore, constitute an unfair and deceptive practice in commerce within the meaning of Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act. In said opinion, the Commission stated that various industry Guides dealing with the labeling of gold content suggest a policy against abbreviation: of the term “electroplate.” (See 16 C. F. R. §§ 23.22, 60.2, 202, 226), as well as the most recent Guides for the Watch Industry specifically forbid it (See 16 C. F. R. § 245.3(m)). Finally, in said Opinion, seven abbreviations of the term “electroplate” were found to be inappropriate.

The Commission in an Advisory Opinion issued to the Jewelers Vigilance Committee No. 703 7071 concerning the use of dual quality marks for the unabbreviated term “electroplated” stated in its February 16, 1970 letter:

“It (the. Commission) has concluded that it cannot give its approval to the proposed dual quality designation on the well-established principle that where a elaim is capable of two interpretations, one of which ‘is false, it would con- ‘stitute-a Violation of Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act.’ Furthermore, i in further response to this Advisory Opinion, the Commission stated on A‘april 21, 1970 that the vast majority of ‘consumers would be confused through the use of dual designations and if the Commission approves the use of dual designations, it would have to approve the use of triple, quadruple, etc., designations. The conclusion of said opinion was that the Commission could not approve the use of dual designations because “the use thereof would probably serve to confuse and deceive prospective purchasers in regard to the quality of the products being bought.”

In light of the prohibitions against abbreviations found in the Guides ‘and its affirmance by the Parker Pen opinion (supra), it may be improper to use the abbreviation, “18K H. G. E.” Furthermore, it is believed if a tag were placed on abbreviated merchandise, the possibility of its removal in the line of distribution may circumvent the Guides and Opinions given by the Commission and serve to confuse and deceive prospective purchasers in regard to the quality of the products being bought.

Finally, if the Commission finds use of this abbreviation with a tag attached. capable of deception, it is believed when proper stamping of jewelry is impossible without abbreviation, there should be no quality stamped. Those wishing to inform consumers of the quality should attach a tag conspicuously disclosing the quality without abbreviation. In this manner, if the tag were removed from the jewelry, no markings 1068 ‘. FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION DECISIONS ‘Opinion 81 E:T.G.

would - appéar; thus, no ‘affirmative’ quality disclosure would be made conforming to the various Rules and Guides-of the Commission.» © .* “We do not: believe there is. any. current proceeding of ‘the Cominis ~ sion or any other governmental authority which has officially been instituted which is-in any way related to the subject matter-of this request. We also do not know of any formal previous proceeding which dealt.with this particular terminology.

_Furtherniore, I would -be glad to come to Washington and supply any additional information or technical advice that might be necessary for the Commission to reach.a. decision on‘this matter. . Respectfully submitted, .

nn - sy S/ Jom A. Winowaxy, _ General Counsel.

Legality Under the Fair Credit Reporting Act of a General Order _Tobe Signed by the J udges of the U.S. District. Court for the District of South. Carolina, Authorizing the Furnishing. to Lawyers Credit Information Regarding Prospective Jurors . -, Selected in the Charleston, § S.C. Metropolitan Area. (File 3 No. . 133 37001) Op pinion Letter SerremBer 21, 1972. _ Dear Mr. Uriccrtto: ;

This is in reference to your letters of February 22 and July 29, 1972, addressed to Secretary of the Commission, in which you requested an advisory opinion on behalf of your client, the Credit Bureau of Greater Charleston, Inc., regarding the legality, under the Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1681 e¢ seq., of a general order to be signed by the judges of the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina, authorizing your client to furnish lawyers credit information. with regard to prospective jurors selected in the Charleston, South Carolina, metropolitan area. : Your letters indicate that your client is a “consumer reporting agency y” within the meaning of Section 603(f) of the Act and that the jury reports to be furnished by your client to attorneys.include the addresses, employment history, general credit standings and general character of the prospective jurors and are “consumer reports” within the meaning of Section 603 (d) of the Act.

The Commission has carefully considered your request and is of the opinion that a general order of the district court of the type you have described would not be an order of a court having jurisdiction to issue ADVISORY‘ OPINIONS” WITH : REQUESTS. THEREFOR 1069 1065 Opinion such’an order within the meaning of Section 604(1) of the Act, and that, therefore, your client‘may not, consistent with the Act, furnish attorneys with consumer reports in response to such a general order... - With respect to the situation described in your letter of February 22, 1972, the.Commission is of the opinion that investigation of prospective jurors by attorneys is not a “business transaction: involving the consumer” within the meaning of Section 604(3) (E) of the Act, and, therefore, your client may not lawfully furnish consumer reports to attorneys for:jury investigation under’ the Act, unless, of course, written’ instructions releasing’ their consumer 5 1 2 2 7 7 1558 1048 132 51 72.830826 reports5 1 2 2 7 8 1717 1041 39 50 91.025345 ares 1 2 2 7 9 1779 1055 10 22 4.508591 '5 1 2 2 7 10 1800 1044 162 66 86.047943 obtained4 1 2 2 8 0 611 1098 488 44 -1 5 1 2 2 8 1 611 1137 5 4 90.307045 _5 1 2 2 8 2 637 1099 92 32 96.821388 from5 1 2 2 8 3 739 1097 237 51 93.246895 prospective5 1 2 2 8 4 961 1093 20 59 92.370483 j5 1 2 2 8 5 964 1109 135 46 81.540588 jurors.3 1 2 3 0 0 633 1107 1346 385 -1 4 1 2 3 1 0 679 1107 1282 94 -1 5 1 2 3 1 1 679 1144 73 38 96.571922 Thes 1 2 3 1 2 766 1145 250 38 95.709694 Commissions 1 2 3 1 3 1007 1160 28 21 96.685745 is5 1 2 3 1 4 1049 1148 153 34 95.722351 mindful5 1 2 3 1 5 1214 1145 42 36 96.713623 of5 1 2 3 1 6 1268 1148 60 32 96.984467 thes 1 2 3 1 7 1342 1116 150 64 96.805855 demands 1 2 3 1 8 1504 1147 54 32 94.892845 on.5 1 2 3 1 9 1557 1121 65 58 96.682678 thes 1 2 3 1 10 1636 1121 81 67 95.571564 parts 1 2 3 1 11 1731 1119 47 59 96.906853 of5 1 2 3 1 12 1782 1107 179 94 0.000000 nitomoy4 1 2 3 2 0 638 1192 1327 64 -1 5 1 2 3 2 1 638 1199 120 50 96.674362 trying5 1 2 3 2 2 768 1197 92 34 95.867760 cases5 1 2 3 2 3 870 1202 38 28 96.796028 to5 1 2 3 2 4 917 1199 41 32 96.637093 be5 1 2 3 2 5 968 1192 179 64 96.281685 presented5 1 2 3 2 6 1156 1198 121 32 93.795364 before5 1 2 3 2 7 1285 1209 19 21 93.632462 a5 1 2 3 2 8 1314 1197 90 42 93.632462 jury5 1 2 3 2 9 1407 1197 87 33 83.538086 fora5 1 2 3 2 10 1504 1196 82 43 96.279556 jury5 1 2 3 2 11 1596 1196 180 57 96.734116 reporting5 1 2 3 2 12 1786 1196 131 33 95.966324 services 1 2 3 2 13 1925 1195 40 32 95.966324 of4 1 2 3 3 0 637 1246 1324 46 -1 5 1 2 3 3 1 637 1244 58 38 97.000992 thes 1 2 3 3 2 706 1246 89 46 73.490303 type.5 1 2 3 3 3 801 1249 87 49 96.982910 yours 1 2 3 3 4 900 1245 107 37 92.031075 clients 1 2 3 3 5 1015 1250 161 42 92.031075 proposes5 1 2 3 3 6 1189 1251 35 30 96.952057 to5 1 2 3 3 7 1236 1246 158 45 94.604057 provide:5 1 2 3 3 8 1402 1245 202 43 96.809700 However,5 1 2 3 3 9 1596 1258 38 21 96.881111 in5 1 2 3 3 10 1647 1247 86 32 96.881111 views 1 2 3 3 11 1743 1246 44 33 96.970688 of5 1 2 3 3 12 1799 1247 58 32 96.977882 thes 1 2 3 3 13 1865 1246 96 32 96.998268 clear4 1 2 3 4 0 633 1297 1327 59 -1 5 1 2 3 4 1 633 1301 72 31 96.198433 ands 1 2 3 4 2 721 1295 141 47 96.617592 specifics 1 2 3 4 3 872 1299 172 57 96.962914 statutory5 1 2 3 4 4 1060 1298 253 43 91.627350 proscriptions5 1 2 3 4 5 1324 1299 69 33 96.277946 ands 1 2 3 4 6 1410 1298 251 43 95.478661 congressional5 1 2 3 4 7 1679 1297 115 43 96.631966 policy5 1 2 3 4 8 1810 1288 150 41 88.179520 declara-4 1 2 3 5 0 636 1347 1343 45 -1 5 1 2 3 5 1 636 1350 90 32 96.650513 tions5 1 2 3 5 2 741 1347 206 36 2.163628 contained5 1 2 3 5 3 932 1361 52 22 2.163628 ‘in5 1 2 3 5 4 990 1350 58 32 96.824844 thes 1 2 3 5 5 1062 1350 78 42 96.910774 Act,5 1 2 3 5 6 1156 1346 58 36 96.585693 thes 1 2 3 5 7 1231 1348 226 35 95.015945 Commission.5 1 2 3 5 8 1474 1349 85 32 93.811348 feels5 1 2 3 5 9 1574 1347 219 33 76.833824 constrained5 1 2 3 5 10 1805 1351 41 29 95.282837 to5 1 2 3 5 11 1859 1347 102 32 93.303856 reach5 1 2 3 5 12 1977 1348 2 6 22.663994 '4 1 2 3 6 0 639 1376 1325 96 -1 5 1 2 3 6 1 639 1411 20 20 95.629105 a5 1 2 3 6 2 673 1400 160 51 96.142815 negatives 1 2 3 6 3 847 1400 193 33 95.488350 conclusions 1 2 3 6 4 1052 1376 87 91 96.635483 with5 1 2 3 6 5 1154 1395 131 77 89.441757 respects 1 2 3 6 6 1297 1403 39 46 97.018135 to5 1 2 3 6 7 1350 1400 53 31 69.179375 thes 1 2 3 6 8 1423 1394 116 62 69.179375 courses 1 2 3 6 9 1553 1398 40 63 96.991547 of5 1 2 3 6 10 1606 1398 115 63 96.464119 actions 1 2 3 6 11 1729 1398 179 68 79.639481 Proposed5 1 2 3 6 12 1918 1397 46 72 96.972588 by4 1 2 3 7 0 635 1449 210 43 -1 5 1 2 3 7 1 635 1462 87 30 96.659332 yours 1 2 3 7 2 730 1449 115 34 96.611389 client.3 1 2 4 0 0 644 1460 647 107 -1 4 1 2 4 1 0 644 1460 647 107 -1 5 1 2 4 1 1 644 1545 2 2 39.066986 ~5 1 2 4 1 2 676 1501 58 42 93.925606 By5 1 2 4 1 3 742 1497 169 70 96.230263 directions 1 2 4 1 4 919 1501 40 32 96.767845 of5 1 2 4 1 5 969 1501 58 32 96.808868 thes 1 2 4 1 6 1036 1460 255 107 72.835037 Commission.2 1 3 0 0 0 877 1561 871 95 -1 3 1 3 1 0 0 877 1561 871 95 -1 4 1 3 1 1 0 877 1561 871 95 -1 5 1 3 1 1 1 877 1565 273 91 87.141418 Supplemental5 1 3 1 1 2 1158 1586 119 39 96.834251 Letters 1 3 1 1 3 1285 1561 158 77 96.945885 Relatives 1 3 1 1 4 1453 1596 38 31 66.075699 to5 1 3 1 1 5 1499 1593 57 31 66.075699 thes 1 3 1 1 6 1565 1593 183 42 61.282814 Request.2 1 4 0 0 0 629 1674 1333 1066 -1 3 1 4 1 0 0 637 1674 1278 85 -1 4 1 4 1 1 0 1630 1674 285 40 -1 5 1 4 1 1 1 1630 1676 99 32 22.288422 July5 1 4 1 1 2 1750 1677 51 37 96.165779 29,5 1 4 1 1 3 1825 1674 90 32 96.165779 1972.4 1 4 1 2 0 637 1728 426 31 -1 5 1 4 1 2 1 637 1728 97 31 56.332069 Dear5 1 4 1 2 2 756 1728 69 31 91.957733 Mr.5 1 4 1 2 3 850 1728 213 31 0.000000 Ferpeman:3 1 4 2 0 0 634 1761 1327 360 -1 4 1 4 2 1 0 679 1761 1282 66 -1 5 1 4 2 1 1 677 1776 79 41 96.322220 You5 1 4 2 1 2 775 1785 71 32 96.272293 will5 1 4 2 1 3 865 1785 102 33 96.786812 recalls 1 4 2 1 4 985 1786 76 32 96.849663 that5 1 4 2 1 5 1079 1797 50 20 96.849663 we5 1 4 2 1 6 1146 1786 104 41 97.016754 spoke5 1 4 2 1 7 1268 1796 81 21 96.866989 overs 1 4 2 1 8 1365 1785 60 32 97.004982 thes 1 4 2 1 9 1438 1785 184 41 96.767006 telephones 1 4 2 1 10 1641 1761 59 54 96.944420 thes 1 4 2 1 11 1718 1783 140 32 96.527489 others 1 4 2 1 12 1860 1794 42 30 96.682106 days 1 4 2 1 13 1918 1778 43 36 96.924309 in4 1 4 2 2 0 637 1833 1323 42 -1 5 1 4 2 2 1 637 1836 198 32 95.964195 connections 1 4 2 2 2 856 1836 85 32 96.884041 with5 1 4 2 2 3 961 1836 71 32 96.163956 this5 1 4 2 2 4 1054 1839 130 30 84.485786 matter.5 1 4 2 2 5 1201 1836 68 32 84.485786 ands 1 4 2 2 6 1291 1836 77 31 92.496979 that5 1 4 2 2 7 1392 1847 49 20 96.747208 we5 1 4 2 2 8 1462 1836 71 31 96.742943 had5 1 4 2 2 9 1555 1835 130 32 96.576500 several5 1 4 2 2 10 1708 1833 161 42 89.620689 previous5 1 4 2 2 11 1892 1833 68 32 89.620689 dis-4 1 4 2 3 0 637 1884 1323 45 -1 5 1 4 2 3 1 637 1887 158 32 96.491035 cussions.5 1 4 2 3 2 814 1888 20 31 96.888847 I5 1 4 2 3 3 850 1890 105 29 96.536705 wrote5 1 4 2 3 4 971 1890 36 29 96.600662 to5 1 4 2 3 5 1023 1898 68 30 95.926971 you5 1 4 2 3 6 1108 1898 43 21 96.649246 on5 1 4 2 3 7 1169 1887 176 42 96.702217 February5 1 4 2 3 8 1363 1889 52 38 96.375809 22,5 1 4 2 3 9 1432 1886 92 40 96.375809 1972,5 1 4 2 3 10 1542 1884 196 43 96.108559 requesting5 1 4 2 3 11 1756 1896 43 21 96.901337 an5 1 4 2 3 12 1818 1884 142 41 96.418327 opinion4 1 4 2 4 0 636 1934 1323 45 -1 5 1 4 2 4 1 636 1948 36 21 96.971191 as5 1 4 2 4 2 682 1941 36 28 96.894386 to5 1 4 2 4 3 730 1938 151 31 96.988380 whether5 1 4 2 4 4 893 1949 38 20 96.758499 or5 1 4 2 4 5 942 1941 60 28 95.989922 not5 1 4 2 4 6 1013 1941 137 38 96.698563 reports5 1 4 2 4 7 1158 1937 181 33 96.408363 furnished5 1 4 2 4 8 1350 1938 47 41 96.672295 by5 1 4 2 4 9 1407 1938 59 31 96.672295 thes 1 4 2 4 10 1479 1936 121 34 96.685081 Credits 1 4 2 4 11 1612 1936 138 33 96.009872 Bureaus 1 4 2 4 12 1762 1935 40 33 96.009872 of5 1 4 2 4 13 1815 1934 144 35 96.959793 Greater4 1 4 2 5 0 636 1986 1324 44 -1 5 1 4 2 5 1 636 1988 213 41 93.225121 Charleston,5 1 4 2 5 2 874 1989 83 40 93.015282 Inc.,5 1 4 2 5 3 981 1992 35 28 95.208626 to5 1 4 2 5 4 1041 1989 143 41 96.408440 lawyers5 1 4 2 5 5 1209 1988 36 32 95.912102 in5 1 4 2 5 6 1272 1987 197 33 95.912102 connections 1 4 2 5 7 1495 1988 84 32 96.323044 with5 1 4 2 5 8 1605 1986 215 47 96.203651 prospective5 1 4 2 5 9 1844 1986 116 41 96.701248 jurors4 1 4 2 6 0 637 2013 1321 85 -1 5 1 4 2 6 1 637 2040 112 31 96.787376 would5 1 4 2 6 2 762 2040 126 32 96.627609 violates 1 4 2 6 3 900 2013 67 68 96.935326 any5 1 4 2 6 4 979 2039 39 32 96.923950 of5 1 4 2 6 5 1029 2040 57 31 96.648422 thes 1 4 2 6 6 1098 2038 192 43 96.827881 provisions5 1 4 2 6 7 1302 2039 39 32 96.687881 of5 1 4 2 6 8 1354 2039 63 32 96.157425 thes 1 4 2 6 9 1425 2038 188 34 96.157425 Consumers 1 4 2 6 10 1626 2037 121 34 96.370644 Credits 1 4 2 6 11 1761 2036 197 62 96.022514 Protection4 1 4 2 7 0 634 2089 74 32 -1 5 1 4 2 7 1 634 2089 74 32 94.621727 Act.3 1 4 3 0 0 629 2115 1333 625 -1 4 1 4 3 1 0 676 2115 1282 68 -1 5 1 4 3 1 1 676 2141 19 32 96.461632 I5 1 4 3 1 2 712 2141 113 32 96.461632 would5 1 4 3 1 3 841 2141 68 32 96.930534 likes 1 4 3 1 4 925 2144 35 29 96.782639 to5 1 4 3 1 5 975 2140 135 43 96.822418 modify5 1 4 3 1 6 1126 2151 58 31 96.447510 my5 1 4 3 1 7 1200 2143 133 39 96.378380 requests 1 4 3 1 8 1350 2140 57 38 96.804428 for5 1 4 3 1 9 1424 2151 44 21 96.638138 an5 1 4 3 1 10 1483 2139 142 42 96.437683 opinions 1 4 3 1 11 1644 2149 37 21 96.437683 as5 1 4 3 1 12 1695 2115 38 56 96.951637 to5 1 4 3 1 13 1750 2115 156 55 96.290047 whether5 1 4 3 1 14 1919 2148 39 21 96.966850 or4 1 4 3 2 0 636 2188 1324 45 -1 5 1 4 3 2 1 636 2195 59 28 96.627914 not5 1 4 3 2 2 709 2192 59 31 96.779533 thes 1 4 3 2 3 785 2186 227 38 96.515701 Commissions 1 4 3 2 4 1028 2191 114 33 96.671288 would5 1 4 3 2 5 1157 2202 151 31 96.526489 approves 1 4 3 2 6 1325 2191 39 32 96.486397 of5 1 4 3 2 7 1381 2202 19 21 96.735687 a5 1 4 3 2 8 1417 2190 138 42 96.709579 general5 1 4 3 2 9 1573 2190 112 33 96.897659 Orders 1 4 3 2 10 1702 2188 121 43 96.427780 signed5 1 4 3 2 11 1839 2188 46 42 96.458427 by5 1 4 3 2 12 1901 2188 59 31 97.016571 thea 1 4 3 3 0 629 2235 1333 48 -1 5 1 4 3 3 1 629 2241 130 42 96.139534 judges5 1 4 3 3 2 776 2241 40 32 96.862656 of5 1 4 3 3 3 834 2241 60 32 96.923859 thes 1 4 3 3 4 910 2241 130 34 96.800110 United5 1 4 3 3 5 1060 2240 114 34 96.666092 States5 1 4 3 3 6 1190 2241 147 32 89.251114 Districts 1 4 3 3 7 1362 2235 99 39 78.322990 Courts 1 4 3 3 8 1479 2240 61 32 69.655930 for5 1 4 3 3 9 1555 2241 60 31 96.984146 thes 1 4 3 3 10 1630 2239 148 33 96.957069 Districts 1 4 3 3 11 1795 2238 39 33 96.655106 of5 1 4 3 3 12 1852 2238 110 37 96.962227 South4 1 4 3 4 0 636 2285 1324 49 -1 5 1 4 3 4 1 636 2292 174 40 96.908470 Carolina,5 1 4 3 4 2 827 2292 219 42 96.994965 authorizing5 1 4 3 4 3 1061 2292 58 32 96.546371 thes 1 4 3 4 4 1136 2291 125 34 96.129150 Credit.5 1 4 3 4 5 1273 2292 137 32 96.129150 Bureaus 1 4 3 4 6 1428 2292 38 32 96.971596 of5 1 4 3 4 7 1483 2291 145 42 96.786011 Greater5 1 4 3 4 8 1645 2286 214 44 93.290855 Charleston,5 1 4 3 4 9 1876 2285 84 44 93.059082 Inc.,4 1 4 3 5 0 636 2340 1323 45 -1 5 1 4 3 5 1 636 2346 35 30 96.216087 to5 1 4 3 5 2 696 2343 138 33 96.216087 furnish5 1 4 3 5 3 860 2343 144 41 96.056328 lawyers5 1 4 3 5 4 1030 2342 225 33 96.082367 information5 1 4 3 5 5 1281 2341 85 33 93.304489 with5 1 4 3 5 6 1393 2342 186 43 35.775513 regard:to5 1 4 3 5 7 1606 2340 213 43 96.182594 prospective5 1 4 3 5 8 1845 2340 114 41 95.581947 jurors4 1 4 3 6 0 636 2387 1324 51 -1 5 1 4 3 6 1 636 2394 142 32 93.286621 selected5 1 4 3 6 2 799 2394 114 32 92.841698 in-thes 1 4 3 6 3 933 2404 88 34 91.237572 area.5 1 4 3 6 4 1042 2393 51 33 97.006638 As5 1 4 3 6 5 1112 2388 21 38 93.135254 I5 1 4 3 6 6 1146 2390 118 36 93.135254 stated5 1 4 3 6 7 1283 2397 37 28 92.464088 to5 1 4 3 6 8 1340 2404 69 31 91.259460 -you5 1 4 3 6 9 1428 2404 80 21 96.771088 overs 1 4 3 6 10 1531 2388 59 37 96.595490 thes 1 4 3 6 11 1609 2392 190 42 96.424850 telephone,5 1 4 3 6 12 1819 2391 53 32 95.820343 thes 1 4 3 6 13 1891 2387 69 35 95.367455 list4 1 4 3 7 0 635 2442 1324 47 -1 5 1 4 3 7 1 635 2445 38 44 95.788452 of5 1 4 3 7 2 687 2445 114 41 95.788452 jurors5 1 4 3 7 3 817 2456 57 20 96.625031 ares 1 4 3 7 4 888 2445 99 31 96.342087 made5 1 4 3 7 5 1002 2445 116 42 96.381454 public5 1 4 3 7 6 1133 2443 276 43 96.348900 approximately5 1 4 3 7 7 1424 2448 57 28 96.116028 tens 1 4 3 7 8 1504 2444 74 41 96.391106 (10)5 1 4 3 7 9 1600 2443 86 42 96.556221 days5 1 4 3 7 10 1701 2442 118 33 96.586899 before5 1 4 3 7 11 1835 2452 21 21 96.825089 a5 1 4 3 7 12 1870 2445 89 28 96.905785 term4 1 4 3 8 0 634 2491 1324 46 -1 5 1 4 3 8 1 634 2496 40 32 96.866562 of5 1 4 3 8 2 688 2496 108 33 96.918404 Courts 1 4 3 8 3 810 2496 127 41 94.864983 begins.5 1 4 3 8 4 958 2487 73 54 94.864983 This5 1 4 3 8 5 1049 2495 95 42 96.725975 gives5 1 4 3 8 6 1156 2496 59 31 96.798721 thes 1 4 3 8 7 1224 2495 147 41 96.349541 lawyers5 1 4 3 8 8 1384 2491 101 45 96.738297 little,5 1 4 3 8 9 1500 2506 39 21 95.469849 or5 1 4 3 8 10 1552 2506 45 20 95.469849 no5 1 4 3 8 11 1611 2493 83 33 96.583176 times 1 4 3 8 12 1708 2497 35 28 96.583176 to5 1 4 3 8 13 1757 2503 44 31 96.446800 go5 1 4 3 8 14 1814 2496 61 28 96.608505 outs 1 4 3 8 15 1889 2491 69 33 96.112595 anda 1 4 3 9 0 636 2541 1323 47 -1 5 1 4 3 9 1 636 2548 97 30 96.468185 makes 1 4 3 9 2 745 2546 231 42 96.401970 independents 1 4 3 9 3 990 2546 260 42 96.351433 investigations5 1 4 3 9 4 1263 2545 38 33 97.006699 of5 1 4 3 9 5 1314 2546 59 31 96.268829 thes 1 4 3 9 6 1385 2541 223 46 96.268829 backgrounds 1 4 3 9 7 1621 2545 40 32 96.914909 of5 1 4 3 9 8 1674 2545 58 30 96.996513 thes 1 4 3 9 9 1746 2542 213 42 96.644272 prospective4 1 4 3 10 0 636 2593 1324 45 -1 5 1 4 3 10 1 636 2597 121 41 96.244675 jurors.5 1 4 3 10 2 779 2597 64 34 96.737007 We5 1 4 3 10 3 865 2597 70 32 96.711922 also5 1 4 3 10 4 955 2598 89 31 96.308113 have5 1 4 3 10 5 1066 2608 22 21 95.867546 a.5 1 4 3 10 6 1108 2596 152 42 96.707390 peculiar5 1 4 3 10 7 1281 2596 166 32 96.416840 situations 1 4 3 10 8 1470 2596 37 32 96.770683 in5 1 4 3 10 9 1528 2596 70 32 96.401321 this5 1 4 3 10 10 1622 2595 98 33 96.680176 States 1 4 3 10 11 1742 2595 36 31 95.788605 in5 1 4 3 10 12 1801 2593 78 32 94.032967 that5 1 4 3 10 13 1901 2593 59 32 94.032967 thea 1 4 3 11 0 635 2641 1323 48 -1 5 1 4 3 11 1 635 2647 75 33 96.112640 voir5 1 4 3 11 2 725 2647 73 33 97.007530 dire5 1 4 3 11 3 812 2648 231 32 96.231041 examinations 1 4 3 11 4 1057 2647 29 32 96.231041 is5 1 4 3 11 5 1100 2642 186 47 96.690407 extremely5 1 4 3 11 6 1300 2646 142 33 95.503159 limited.5 1 4 3 11 7 1460 2647 69 32 96.895515 For5 1 4 3 11 8 1544 2641 166 46 95.609047 example,5 1 4 3 11 9 1725 2656 20 21 95.810837 a5 1 4 3 11 10 1760 2644 81 42 96.338402 jury5 1 4 3 11 11 1858 2644 100 41 96.327377 panel4 1 4 3 12 0 634 2695 1324 45 -1 5 1 4 3 12 1 634 2699 30 32 91.482544 is5 1 4 3 12 2 677 2699 198 41 91.482544 empaneled5 1 4 3 12 3 890 2699 67 32 96.619461 ands 1 4 3 12 4 972 2709 111 22 96.427765 sworn5 1 4 3 12 5 1098 2698 36 32 95.698563 in5 1 4 3 12 6 1148 2709 19 20 95.698563 a5 1 4 3 12 7 1182 2698 120 42 96.857986 periods 1 4 3 12 8 1315 2698 41 32 95.938171 of5 1 4 3 12 9 1370 2697 275 43 95.938171 approximately5 1 4 3 12 10 1661 2695 120 33 96.595291 fifteen5 1 4 3 12 11 1795 2698 37 29 93.211449 to5 1 4 3 12 12 1849 2695 109 42 91.967331 forty- 1070 »*~ “FEDERAL” TRADE COMMISSION: DECISIONS Request, 81 FTC.

five minutes froni the time they are drawn out of the jury box. The voir dire examination of jurors is generally restricted in both Federal and State Courts in South Carolina, and the only questions generally asked, are, “whether or not any of the jurors are stockholders in the corporation”, if there-is a corporation involved, and “whether or not’ the prospective juror can give each of the parties a fair and impartial trial”, and “whether or not any of the prospective: jurors are related either by blood: or marriagé to either of the parties”. In the Federal Court; the judge usually asks whether or not any of the jurors.are or have been represented by any of. the attorneys involved in’ the case pending at that time. The reports furnished by the Credit Bureau of Greater Charleston, Inc., in connection with the prospective: jurors, ‘were limited to attorneys at law, requesting the reports in the interest of clients having cases pending during that term of Court in which the reports were rendered. The population of Charleston County has -grown and there are a number of people who periodically come to Charleston County from other states, which makes such reports necessary as an aid to the selection of fair and impartial jurors, particularly “in view of the limited voir dire examination. For example, a prosecutor would not desire a juror who has a bad reputation in the community to sit as a juror in a criminal case. In addition, if a particular store or corporation were being sued, and a juror did business with that store or corporation, the party suing the corporation certainly could not receive a fair and impartial trial with a good customer of the defendant sitting on the jury.

Additionally, there are areas in Charleston County where the people are extremely clannish and it is almost impossible for lawyers to obtain information from neighbors or friends. It is our view that the Consumer Credit Protection Act and the Fair Credit Reporting Act was intended to protect a consumer in order that he might not be deprived of credit or employment as a result of improper information. If the information were furnished to attorneys concerning a prospective juror, the prospective juror, of course, would not be deprived of any rights or credit. The reports would, of course, be limited to use by attorneys in connection with the selection of prospective jurors. Reports of this nature have been used by attorneys in Charleston County and in the District of South Carolina for some period of time. These reports have also been used by the United States Attorney’s Office, the State Prosecutor’s Office, defendants’ lawyers, and lawyers representing both plaintiffs and defendants in civil suits. We feel that such reports are extremely necessary as an ADVISORY -OPINIONS “WITE:“REQUESTS THEREFOR 1074 1065 6 35 Request aid in selecting fair-and impartial jurors, and that. the: ends of justice would be promoted thereby.

-- If necessary, the writer and several attorneys of the Charleston Bar, I am sure, would be willing to appear before the Commission in Washington, D.C., and testify,.and explain in detail ‘the necessity of such reports.

As you know, the matter is now pending before the judges of the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina, and © we would like to have an opinion just as soon.as. possible. _ With kind regards, I am, Very truly yours, .

‘s/ Pan N. “Unicom, Jr.

Letter of Request Frsrvary 22, 1972.

I represent the Credit Bureau of Greater. Charleston, Inc. In this jurisdiction, the voir dire examination of jurors is limited in both the State and Federal Court, and for a great many years credit reports have been used by the vast majority of lawyers in and about the County of Charleston, for the purpose of obtaining information in connection with prospective jurors.

Without these reports, it is almost impossible to obtain information on prospective jurors during the limited period of time from the time the prospective juror is drawn until the time Court commences. In addition, there are a great many transit people in the area and it is extremely difficult to obtain information concerning this type of person, Credit reports on prospective jurors have been made available to attorneys representing both plaintiff and defendants, and to the United States Attorney’s office, for a stated sum on each juror. These reports, for the most part, include the addresses, employment histories, and general credit standings of the prospective jurors, and information as to the juror’s general character. The reports have been limited to attorneys at law requesting the reports, in the interest of clients, having cases pending, during the term of Court which the reports are rendered.

The Credit Bureau of Greater Charleston does not wish to be in violation of the Consumer Credit Protection Act, and pursuant to Rule 1.1 of the Federal Trade Commission, we are requesting that the Credit Bureau of Greater Charleston, Inc., be authorized to furnish such reports to attorneys for a stipulated fee, and we are further requesting that you furnish us an opinion as to whether or not the 1072 _ «| FEDERAL’ TRADE COMMISSION “DECISIONS. Opinion 81 F.T.C.

furnishing. of said reports. would’ be. in Violation ‘of the. Consumer Credit Protection Act. :

cle would appreciate hearing from: you at the earliest: possible. date. Very truly yours, o .

- (Sy Pawn N. Uriconso, Jr:

Legality of Institute’s By-Laws—Proposal To Establish: Standards and Accreditation Procedures: for the Purpose’ of Improving the Reliability of Field Interviewing Work Done in _ Consumer Research Projects. (File No. 703.7063). . Opinion Letter Novemper 21, 1972.

Dear... Mr. KINTNER:.

This is in response to your letter request for an advisory opinion dated August 2,.1972, regarding the bylaws ¢ of the Market Research Institute (MRI).

~ In brief, MRI pr oposes to establish standards and accreditation procedures. for the purpose of improving the. reliability of field interviewing work done in consumer research projects. Manufacturers, retailers, advertising agencies, media representatives and market data researchers would comprise the membership of MRI; however, the Board of Directors probably would be controlled by the market research members. The objective of the association would be to raise the standards of reportage but not to discourage exercise of independent judgements and initiatives by market researchers. This objective would be accomplished by fostering, developing and encouraging use of techniques which would provide reliable and professionally responsible research data and information. Education, guidelines, standards, accreditation, publications and similar methods would be used to upgrade market research so that more reliable data would be gathered and reported.

Based on its understanding of the plan as it is outlined above and detailed in your letter, it is the Commission’s opinion that putting the plan into effect, in and of itself, would not be violative of Commission administered law.

The Commission is of the view, however, that great care must be used in implementing the plan to avoid its becoming illegally coercive either on market data researchers or the users of information those researchers provide. Special care must be used to prevent the program ADVISORY OPINIONS WITH REQUESTS THEREFOR 1073 1065 Opinion being used to boycott, to establish 2 placklist, « or to o intimidate ‘particular researchers or any other association members. . Participation by members ‘must: be completely. voluntary and’ mémbership in the ‘association: must be Teasonably 4 available to all IT eligible for such memboraiPs ben , to determine whether anticompetitive effects have resulted from § imi: plementation ofthe plan: ©.) } oa ube bey mersspes By direction of the Commission: ”

Sarre _-Soaost a 1972 Dea AR LM. Toste On behalf of a group of clients identified at, the close of this letter, we submit this Tequest: for a sory ¢ opinion pursuant to Rule 1d of the FTC Procediires and Rules f Pra ice. This advisory ¢ opinion request ‘relates. generally to the formation of a trade association. . the Market. Research Institute, and ‘its proposed ‘program of st: and ereditation for the field of consumer market, research “activities. Earlier Requests for Advisory Opinion ’ On November 25, 1969, we submitted a request for advisory opinion on behalf of the same client group, but involving a different form of proposed bylaws and proposed standards, accompanied. by: extensive legal analysis supporting the request. The Commission, by letter of February 2, 1970, declined to issue an advisory opinion “because an informed decision cannot be made since the effects of the proposed plan _ cannot be predicted without an extensive investigation.” - On April 20, 1970, a renewed request for advisory opinion was made: Guided by the Commission’s comments and opinion rendered on an analogous program, FTC. Advisory Opinion No. 350, our request embodied modified bylaws-and standards assigned to stress more clearly the voluntary and nondiscriminatory purpose and operation of the Institute and its programs. At that time, extensive documentation was provided. to stress the nature of the industry practices, problems and needs. That request was not granted by the Commission. In its letter of July 27, 1970, the Commission said that “no advisory opinion will be rendered thereon since the competitive effects of your clients’ proposed program cannot be predicted.”

494-841—73——69 1074 FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION DECISIONS | - Request 81 FLTC.

Subsequent Commission Developments Forming the Basis of This Request Since our last request. was. refused, the Commission clarified its position on standards making and certification in response to a request for advisory opinion from the American National Standards Institute (File No. 713-7002, March 8, 1971*, FTC News Release, March 22, 1971). and at-that time expressed its sympathy “to the'growing interest in the development of plans for self-regulation which will avoid the strictures of the antitrust laws.” Chairman Kirkpatrick publicly expressed his views on industry self-regulation in.a speech before the New York State Bar Association on January 28, 1971 (FTC News Release, J uly 28, 1971). The former General Counsel Martin addressed this ‘issue iti:a' speech before the American National Standards Institute (FTC News Release, June 24, 1971). Executive Director Mezines dealt, with the topic in a speech before the American Society of Association ‘Executives on. August 23, 1971. General Counsel Dietrich. spoke to rélatéed issues in a “speech before the. International Law Section. of the 197 9 Mid- America World Trade Conference (ETC: News. Release, farch 1, 1972). On April 20, 1972, ‘the Commission appointed a task force on industry s sel f- regulation (FTC News. Release, April 20, 1972) ; and’ reléased its Preliminary Staff Study on Self- Regulation and Accreditation. _ In summary, there has been growing public recognition by the Commission over the past year of the procompetitive role which standards may and can play in the United States economy, and a detailed articulation of the kinds of safeguards needed to comply with the letter.and spirit of the federal antitrust laws. . In this climate of an enhanced Commission awareness of the procompetitive role of standards and accreditation, our client group has revised the bylaws of its proposed Institute with a view to meeting all conceivable objections reasonably capable of being met at the inception of any such program. The revised program on its face is designed to meet the necessary criteria described by Commission and individual Commission officials, for the reasons we elaborate below. The Market Research Institute and its proposed program . In the consumer market research industry, the role of field personnel—interviewers and their supervisors—is one of surveying segments of the consumer public with respect to any particular market research program. This interviewing function is commonly contracted *See 78 F.T.C. 1628.

ADVISORY -OPINIONS. WITH REQUESTS THEREFOR 1075 - 1065-. Request out to independent. organizations or field personnel. A. major problem area in this industry is. the relative unreliability of the work in the field—ranging from improper interviewing to outright failure to conduct intérviews at all, filling in falsified reports—and generally shoddy conduct which independent market research organizations and corporations with their own market research departments ‘endeavor ‘to’ minimize through: ‘post- survey verification practices. The extensive abuses whichi exist’ in field interviewing were documented in our letter‘ request’ of April ‘20,1970. A number of concerned manufacturer: retailers and: ‘market: research: interests determined ‘that ‘the’ most: constructive way to deal witli these problems was to help form an asso-' ciation of market research organizations and national manufacturers and retailers who rely'‘on market research to test-market products and’ services together with representation from the Market Research Trade’ ‘Association. and communications. media and advertising. agencies. The purpose of this membership association would be to bring to the field of market: research | a level of standards, education, and accreditation which would upgrade the quality and reliability of the field activities: which effective market research. requires. In short,-the membershij y organization and its purpose is one where competitive: ‘forces are dis. : tinctly secondary if existent at all. - Stated differently, the active members of the Institute, pursuant to. the bylaws, are organizations which share a common interest in the quality’ and reliability of market research, an interest which benefits the consuming public to the extent that decisions to redesign or to. add or drop products or services are based in no. small measure on the accuracy of field survey activities.

This membership association provides the opportunity to publish and disseminate standards of performance which market researchers or industry clients may specify—or may not specify—as they wish. ; Field interviewers and the like may have an opportunity to be accredited. Educational programs and literature can be implemented to disseminate the best available know-how on the ways this category of work can be performed most effectively and efficiently. The entire. field of market research stands to benefit from this pr ‘oposed program. However, before the commitment of time and expense to such ‘ an ambitious program, the client group desires the qualified approval of. the program by the Commission with respect to the documentary basis of the membership association reflected in the proposed bylaws, This is the narrow scope of the advisory opinion request. . 1076 ‘ FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION DECISIONS’ ~ Request 81 F.TC.

Antitrust stifesuards biilt into the’ proposed bylaws provide a reasonable basis for a qualified, favorable advisory: opinion: ee a The. bylaws. of the Market Research ‘Institute (Appendix. ‘AY as, now, revised, make a-change: in the. Board of Directors “control”. over, the nonprofit organization. Whereas the prior submission of proposed. bylaws provided for a. Board .of Directors: weighed. in: favor of, manufacturer-retailer. users. of, market, research services: (manufac-. turer-retailers) , the revised bylaws. provide for: greater representation. on.the Board of: Directors by: the. outside industry members (market research organizational interests), as.is: the more conventional trade. association practice. The number of members.of.the Board. of. Direc-, tors. has. been.reduced from. 19 to 11 (Art. IV §4: ae and the: ‘composi. tion of the Board has. been: modified as follows. ~ ': 24 Board of diree-.'.: Board: of dire: :: tors under prior tors under pressubmission: en. submission. :

Manutictirer: ‘otailor ‘inginbers. we eee ne ene nee ee nee ene Advertising. agency member. :

Communications media mem Market research company mem! Market Reséarch Trade Association.

Comparable bylaw changes may now be effected by two-thirds of all active members (Art. X), rather than two-thirds of the manufacturerretailer members.

We emphasize here the built-in antitrust safeguards of a membership association Board of Directors composed of industry competitors (market research companies) as well as customer-users of the industry service and organizations with in-house market research capability (manufacturers, retailers, advertising agencies, communications. media) as constituting a composition which is highly favorable in assessing the antitrust safeguards capable of being built into a trade association organization. Trade associations presenting the greater area of antitrust responsibility are obviously those composed. of competitors alone, whose actions could adversely affect customers or suppliers or intertype competition. Here the field survey interests are represented on the Board, together with organizations which engage. in the commerce of market research, or which use the services of the industry.

A key section of the bylaws (Art. TX) deals topically with the safeguards which must be built into any standards/accreditation program of the Institute. These safeguards are designed to reflect the ADVISORY: OPINIONS -WATH -REQUESTS:VHEREFOR — 1077 1065: -Request most. current: areas.of concern expressed. by the Commission through its formal actions, as well as through informal expression by individual ‘Commission members and staff. Specifically, the bylaws expressly provide safeguards to ensure that any standards/accreditation program is voluntary, i is nondiscriminatory in its application to members and nonmembers, involves procedural public notice of proposed standards, with an opportunity to be heard, provides for reasonable fees and for procedural safeguards with respect to any form of remedial action for failure to comply, including the affirmative opportunity for arbitration. fae ane Standards The proposed standards (Appendix B) remain unchanged from the prior submission. While these standards reflect the current thinking on. fairness and reasonableness of industry field practices designed. to ensure truthful results and responsible. survey techniques, nevertheless these proposed standards, would not be implemented in all events until these proposed standards receive the publicity and opportunity for industry comment and response, pursuant to. the bylaws (Art. TX §9:1).

The program in its present form raises fundamental questions about the realistic availability of the advisory opinion procedure to proposed business conduct which includes the following considerations: (a) generally comparable business conduct was the subject of a favorable, albeit qualified, Advisory Opinion No. 150; (b) the underlying documents upon which a favorable advisory opinion is based in themselves contain the built-in limitations on business behavior which the Commission itself has espoused in its response to the American National Standards Institute, and through staff speeches and papers;

(c) any advisory opinion is limited by the nature of the proposal itself. The Commission need assume only that the program would be implemented and carried out as it is proposed; (d) if the Commission refuses to give a favorable, though qualified advisory opinion on this program which, as presented, contains no antitrust defects or areas of antitrust vulnerability, then the advisory opinion program is illusory to the extent that, realistically, it is simply not available in the category of business conduct here in issue. The issue, therefore, is whether the Commission is now willing, in light of the knowledge which it has accumulated involving trade association standards and accreditation to grant a qualified favorable advisory opinion confined to the program as presented, with built-in 1078 ' “FEDERAL FRADE5 1 1 1 1 5 1420 454 243 31 66.275513 COMMISSION’5 1 1 1 1 6 1678 453 197 33 90.072052 DECISIONS:4 1 1 1 2 0 1415 536 723 32 -1 5 1 1 1 2 1 1415 536 131 29 96.402153 Requests 1 1 1 2 2 1987 541 33 24 86.851173 815 1 1 1 2 3 2040 542 98 26 35.679596 F.T.C.2 1 2 0 0 0 812 599 1325 144 -1 3 1 2 1 0 0 812 599 1325 144 -1 4 1 2 1 1 0 812 599 1324 67 -1 5 1 2 1 1 1 812 599 168 50 95.638870 antitrust5 1 2 1 1 2 1000 600 207 56 96.743729 safeguards5 1 2 1 1 3 1225 608 192 43 88.704697 reflecting5 1 2 1 1 4 1422 613 139 28 93.670280 currents 1 2 1 1 5 1581 610 200 56 96.492149 knowledge5 1 2 1 1 6 1802 611 40 31 96.912491 of5 1 2 1 1 7 1859 607 186 39 96.677109 standards5 1 2 1 1 8 2062 617 74 31 96.677109 anda 1 2 1 2 0 813 654 1324 79 -1 5 1 2 1 2 1 812 647 257 42 92.770271 accreditation.5 1 2 1 2 2 1085 658 64 34 96.178802 We5 1 2 1 2 3 1164 659 128 32 96.627625 submits 1 2 1 2 4 1307 659 59 32 96.450974 thes 1 2 1 2 5 1381 671 132 21 96.450974 answers 1 2 1 2 6 1528 660 125 32 96.614624 should5 1 2 1 2 7 1668 661 65 32 95.985840 be5 1 2 1 2 8 1724 672 37 20 96.385727 in5 1 2 1 2 9 1776 661 61 32 96.977776 thes 1 2 1 2 10 1853 654 198 79 91.065025 affirmative5 1 2 1 2 11 2067 659 70 63 96.880516 anda 1 2 1 3 0 814 708 658 35 -1 5 1 2 1 3 1 812 711 47 27 62.028450 an5 1 2 1 3 2 875 708 114 32 79.243073 actions 1 2 1 3 3 1005 712 38 28 96.382004 to5 1 2 1 3 4 1058 709 80 32 81.584465 this5 1 2 1 3 5 1144 710 125 32 81.584465 effects 1 2 1 3 6 1261 721 28 21 93.914597 is5 1 2 1 3 7 1302 701 170 42 96.662537 solicited.2 1 3 0 0 0 912 759 1177 286 -1 3 1 3 1 0 0 912 759 1177 265 -1 4 1 3 1 1 0 912 759 278 65 -1 5 1 3 1 1 1 912 779 2 2 0.000000 -5 1 3 1 1 2 945 759 245 65 95.006554 Respectfully,4 1 3 1 2 0 1187 821 888 63 -1 5 1 3 1 2 1 1187 827 138 57 94.208420 ARENT,5 1 3 1 2 2 1334 821 98 63 96.564529 Fox,5 1 3 1 2 3 1452 830 181 40 40.219368 Kiyrner,5 1 3 1 2 4 1654 824 212 39 42.388313 Prorxin.&5 1 3 1 2 5 1885 831 126 42 76.652718 Kann.5 1 3 1 2 6 2073 869 2 2 49.081264 |4 1 3 1 3 0 1525 880 564 42 -1 5 1 3 1 3 1 1525 881 55 41 92.134003 By5 1 3 1 3 2 1603 880 70 38 89.550117 /S/5 1 3 1 3 3 1716 880 98 33 19.438522 Earns 1 3 1 3 4 1828 873 60 42 93.153076 W.5 1 3 1 3 5 1910 874 184 52 16.772247 Kintwer.4 1 3 1 4 0 1494 931 517 42 -1 5 1 3 1 4 1 1494 956 2 3 16.417549 _5 1 3 1 4 2 1525 928 65 45 91.553818 By5 1 3 1 4 3 1602 931 71 38 91.553818 /S/5 1 3 1 4 4 1714 932 103 43 68.415237 Jacks 1 3 1 4 5 1833 932 38 32 67.836197 L.5 1 3 1 4 6 1895 928 116 38 40.607281 Laur’4 1 3 1 5 0 1539 968 532 77 -1 5 1 3 1 5 1 1539 982 55 42 96.426056 By5 1 3 1 5 2 1613 982 78 55 17.632767 [S/5 1 3 1 5 3 1726 968 110 77 2.986008 Ruri5 1 3 1 5 4 1858 974 37 41 87.851440 P.5 1 3 1 5 5 1909 980 162 59 0.045006 Rovanp.2 1 4 0 0 0 913 1028 1111 130 -1 3 1 4 1 0 0 913 1028 1111 130 -1 4 1 4 1 1 0 913 1028 1111 82 -1 5 1 4 1 1 1 913 1028 190 81 93.056503 Attorneys5 1 4 1 1 2 1114 1064 93 40 96.144661 fora5 1 4 1 1 3 1217 1034 41 62 39.835777 Mt5 1 4 1 1 4 1258 1034 241 72 89.444229 anufacturers5 1 4 1 1 5 1510 1067 41 31 73.718933 M5 1 4 1 1 6 1551 1044 158 64 91.981377 marketing5 1 4 1 1 7 1723 1067 171 32 96.411270 Research5 1 4 1 1 8 1905 1059 119 51 91.696815 Group4 1 4 1 2 0 1344 1117 248 41 -1 5 1 4 1 2 1 1344 1117 182 41 95.637787 composed5 1 4 1 2 2 1540 1118 52 40 96.708138 of:2 1 5 0 0 0 805 1193 1324 454 -1 3 1 5 1 0 0 806 1193 1229 151 -1 4 1 5 1 1 0 807 1193 1190 49 -1 5 1 5 1 1 1 807 1193 209 45 92.654907 Beech-Nut,5 1 5 1 1 2 1028 1199 75 31 95.560349 Ine.5 1 5 1 1 3 1469 1216 3 2 29.232025 -5 1 5 1 1 4 1507 1201 103 32 90.382240 Miles5 1 5 1 1 5 1621 1202 251 40 73.033112 Laboratoriés,5 1 5 1 1 6 1885 1203 73 32 4.384933 Inc:5 1 5 1 1 7 1993 1210 4 6 74.545357 ’4 1 5 1 2 0 806 1247 1229 47 -1 5 1 5 1 2 1 806 1247 123 34 93.005592 Carter5 1 5 1 2 2 943 1249 264 41 68.587509 Products,Inc.5 1 5 1 2 3 1272 1259 2 3 52.891380 =5 1 5 1 2 4 1512 1252 109 32 96.624550 Mobil5 1 5 1 2 5 1639 1252 58 33 94.127716 Oils 1 5 1 2 6 1717 1253 229 41 89.259918 Corporations 1 5 1 2 7 1967 1247 13 51 30.668060 .5 1 5 1 2 8 1992 1260 22 15 16.360260 -5 1 5 1 2 9 2033 1257 2 2 22.729881 |4 1 5 1 3 0 806 1298 1163 46 -1 5 1 5 1 3 1 806 1298 525 44 12.765053 Chesebrough-Pond’s'Inc..-5 1 5 1 3 2 1424 1311 2 2 18.407806 +5 1 5 1 3 3 1445 1294 50 54 1.849487 ~—5 1 5 1 3 4 1502 1303 123 31 1.849487 Noxell5 1 5 1 3 5 1642 1303 230 41 90.200195 Corporations 1 5 1 3 6 1900 1294 14 54 0.000000 .5 1 5 1 3 7 1936 1309 1 2 0.000000 -3 1 5 2 0 0 805 1349 1324 97 -1 4 1 5 2 1 0 805 1349 1324 47 -1 5 1 5 2 1 1 805 1349 90 33 95.972908 Coca5 1 5 2 1 2 907 1350 86 33 96.313324 Cola5 1 5 2 1 3 1021 1345 166 52 64.403320 Company,5 1 5 2 1 4 1208 1345 128 52 64.174149 U.S.A.5 1 5 2 1 5 1497 1353 113 33 70.022247 ‘Sears5 1 5 2 1 6 1621 1353 161 33 93.270866 Roebuck5 1 5 2 1 7 1792 1355 28 31 93.270866 &5 1 5 2 1 8 1831 1349 194 47 83.652817 Company,5 1 5 2 1 9 2032 1356 73 32 82.020126 Ine.5 1 5 2 1 10 2126 1368 3 1 12.698593 :4 1 5 2 2 0 805 1398 1120 48 -1 5 1 5 2 2 1 805 1401 155 32 93.289551 Johnson5 1 5 2 2 2 973 1403 28 30 92.720718 &5 1 5 2 2 3 1015 1402 157 32 96.760239 Johnson5 1 5 2 2 4 1507 1404 97 33 94.916824 Scotts 1 5 2 2 5 1617 1404 114 41 94.916824 Papers 1 5 2 2 6 1744 1398 181 48 95.825241 Company3 1 5 3 0 0 805 1446 1321 155 -1 4 1 5 3 1 0 806 1446 1320 48 -1 5 1 5 3 1 1 806 1451 90 34 94.184158 S.-C.5 1 5 3 1 2 913 1453 156 32 93.232986 Johnson5 1 5 3 1 3 1083 1455 29 30 93.135529 &5 1 5 3 1 4 1126 1453 82 41 93.212372 Son;5 1 5 3 1 5 1224 1455 79 31 11.742317 Ine..5 1 5 3 1 6 1497 1455 325 33 89.966904 Warner-Lambert5 1 5 3 1 7 1845 1442 281 58 96.913651 Pharmaceutical4 1 5 3 2 0 805 1502 1292 43 -1 5 1 5 3 2 1 805 1502 109 31 96.139999 Kraft5 1 5 3 2 2 941 1503 100 32 95.742897 Foods5 1 5 3 2 3 1064 1498 228 51 33.296425 Corporation:5 1 5 3 2 4 1491 1506 111 33 2.534195 Co.5 1 5 3 2 5 1707 1524 2 2 49.618599 :5 1 5 3 2 6 1919 1521 51 7 32.200806 aa5 1 5 3 2 7 2080 1516 17 2 0.000000 “4 1 5 3 3 0 805 1553 1064 48 -1 5 1 5 3 3 1 805 1553 148 32 96.329025 Thomas5 1 5 3 3 2 965 1554 34 33 96.699242 J.5 1 5 3 3 3 1012 1554 130 41 96.896683 Lipton5 1 5 3 3 4 1155 1555 71 32 92.509087 Inc.5 1 5 3 3 5 1503 1557 119 31 96.566177 Xerox5 1 5 3 3 6 1639 1557 230 44 96.399544 Corporation3 1 5 4 0 0 805 1603 423 44 -1 4 1 5 4 1 0 805 1603 423 44 -1 5 1 5 4 1 1 805 1603 70 32 93.288300 Thes 1 5 4 1 2 886 1604 149 32 91.640877 Mennen5 1 5 4 1 3 1048 1605 180 42 95.612495 Company2 1 6 0 0 0 1142 1708 649 95 -1 3 1 6 1 0 0 1142 1708 649 95 -1 4 1 6 1 1 0 1375 1708 183 17 -1 5 1 6 1 1 1 1375 1708 148 17 95.849045 APPENDIX5 1 6 1 1 2 1537 1708 21 17 96.553253 A4 1 6 1 2 0 1142 1777 649 26 -1 5 1 6 1 2 1 1142 1783 122 18 96.159874 BYLAWS5 1 6 1 2 2 1279 1784 34 17 96.282196 OF5 1 6 1 2 3 1328 1777 124 25 96.621040 MARKETS 1 6 1 2 4 1467 1784 150 19 96.265968 RESEARCH5 1 6 1 2 5 1633 1785 158 18 96.550552 INSTITUTE2 1 7 0 0 0 803 1857 1328 242 -1 3 1 7 1 0 0 804 1857 497 24 -1 4 1 7 1 1 0 804 1857 497 24 -1 5 1 7 1 1 1 804 1857 120 18 96.342743 ARTICLES 1 7 1 1 2 936 1857 18 18 86.716156 I.5 1 7 1 1 3 967 1858 204 23 96.118706 CORPORATION,5 1 7 1 1 4 1184 1859 117 19 96.014038 OFFICES3 1 7 2 0 0 803 1902 1328 73 -1 4 1 7 2 1 0 841 1902 1290 33 -1 5 1 7 2 1 1 841 1902 51 24 85.968758 1:15 1 7 2 1 2 912 1898 14 41 86.438377 -5 1 7 2 1 3 939 1903 51 24 96.588860 Thes 1 7 2 1 4 1007 1909 64 22 96.671333 names 1 7 2 1 5 1102 1904 31 23 96.718407 of5 1 7 2 1 6 1147 1904 49 25 96.748909 thes 1 7 2 1 7 1208 1905 186 28 96.348976 corporations 1 7 2 1 8 1407 1905 25 24 96.499146 is5 1 7 2 1 9 1446 1911 125 18 86.068108 MARKEY5 1 7 2 1 10 1582 1911 150 19 96.414978 RESEARCH5 1 7 2 1 11 1745 1911 165 24 95.890366 INSTITUTE,5 1 7 2 1 12 1924 1907 59 24 96.142227 ands 1 7 2 1 13 1995 1908 24 23 96.332626 is5 1 7 2 1 14 2032 1913 18 18 92.882202 a5 1 7 2 1 15 2063 1913 68 18 91.093117 non-4 1 7 2 2 0 803 1945 498 30 -1 5 1 7 2 2 1 803 1945 87 28 95.948479 profits 1 7 2 2 2 903 1946 193 29 96.329445 memberships 1 7 2 2 3 1108 1947 193 28 96.792999 corporation.3 1 7 3 0 0 805 1987 1324 112 -1 4 1 7 3 1 0 841 1987 1288 38 -1 5 1 7 3 1 1 841 1987 51 24 62.006958 1:25 1 7 3 1 2 929 1988 61 24 91.815018 Thes 1 7 3 1 3 1006 1990 151 27 96.822502 corporate5 1 7 3 1 4 1174 1989 93 25 96.200989 offices5 1 7 3 1 5 1284 1990 32 24 96.995193 of5 1 7 3 1 6 1330 1990 49 24 96.572449 thes 1 7 3 1 7 1397 1989 141 26 96.707275 Institutes 1 7 3 1 8 1554 1990 75 25 95.402336 shall5 1 7 3 1 9 1645 1991 34 23 96.574989 be5 1 7 3 1 10 1696 1991 178 34 96.910233 established5 1 7 3 1 11 1889 1992 30 23 96.879807 in5 1 7 3 1 12 1935 1992 70 24 96.722839 such5 1 7 3 1 13 2020 1992 60 28 96.285019 city5 1 7 3 1 14 2097 1998 32 18 96.915657 or4 1 7 3 2 0 805 2030 1324 33 -1 5 1 7 3 2 1 805 2030 83 23 96.701935 cities5 1 7 3 2 2 907 2031 32 23 96.931564 of5 1 7 3 2 3 957 2031 49 24 96.633064 thes 1 7 3 2 4 1025 2031 107 25 96.625961 United5 1 7 3 2 5 1152 2031 98 25 96.195686 States5 1 7 3 2 6 1269 2034 59 23 96.587517 ands 1 7 3 2 7 1345 2033 157 24 96.146774 elsewhere5 1 7 3 2 8 1520 2039 33 18 96.803780 as5 1 7 3 2 9 1572 2034 48 23 96.363281 thes 1 7 3 2 10 1638 2033 97 25 96.370598 Boards 1 7 3 2 11 1753 2034 32 23 96.623894 of5 1 7 3 2 12 1801 2034 150 25 96.177422 Directors5 1 7 3 2 13 1969 2041 64 22 96.275589 may5 1 7 3 2 14 2051 2035 78 23 96.078697 from4 1 7 3 3 0 805 2073 374 26 -1 5 1 7 3 3 1 805 2073 70 24 96.766510 times 1 7 3 3 2 888 2073 29 24 95.246521 to5 1 7 3 3 3 929 2073 70 25 96.246895 times 1 7 3 3 4 1011 2074 168 25 96.246895 determine.2 1 8 0 0 0 791 2136 617 22 -1 3 1 8 1 0 0 791 2136 617 22 -1 4 1 8 1 1 0 791 2136 617 22 -1 5 1 8 1 1 1 791 2136 132 19 83.341728 “ARTICLES 1 8 1 1 2 942 2137 31 18 81.230453 II.5 1 8 1 1 3 994 2137 144 20 95.273865 PURPOSES5 1 8 1 1 4 1158 2139 60 17 96.234802 ANDS 1 8 1 1 5 1237 2139 171 19 96.234802 OBJECTIVES2 1 9 0 0 0 800 2182 1328 202 -1 3 1 9 1 0 0 800 2182 1328 202 -1 4 1 9 1 1 0 838 2182 1290 33 -1 5 1 9 1 1 1 838 2182 50 24 93.218155 2:15 1 9 1 1 2 923 2183 64 24 93.218155 Thes 1 9 1 1 3 1006 2189 141 23 95.913803 purposes5 1 9 1 1 4 1167 2184 58 24 95.913803 ands 1 9 1 1 5 1246 2184 158 28 96.305603 objectives5 1 9 1 1 6 1424 2191 66 18 96.856659 are:5 1 9 1 1 7 1513 2185 30 24 96.736595 to5 1 9 1 1 8 1561 2185 102 29 96.541458 foster,5 1 9 1 1 9 1683 2186 119 29 96.329071 develops 1 9 1 1 10 1822 2187 58 23 96.329071 ands 1 9 1 1 11 1899 2193 161 22 96.405945 encourages 1 9 1 1 12 2078 2187 50 24 96.919281 thea 1 9 1 2 0 802 2224 1326 33 -1 5 1 9 1 2 1 802 2224 202 30 85.525299 developnient5 1 9 1 2 2 1018 2226 31 23 96.331161 of5 1 9 1 2 3 1063 2226 120 24 95.648315 reliable5 1 9 1 2 4 1201 2227 48 24 96.687279 ands 1 9 1 2 5 1259 2226 234 31 96.218857 professionally5 1 9 1 2 6 1509 2228 178 29 96.038704 responsible5 1 9 1 2 7 1700 2234 153 19 95.999664 consumers 1 9 1 2 8 1865 2230 115 24 96.177971 markets 1 9 1 2 9 1993 2229 135 24 95.988205 research4 1 9 1 3 0 800 2267 1325 33 -1 5 1 9 1 3 1 800 2267 71 24 96.124161 data5 1 9 1 3 2 886 2268 62 24 96.088493 ands 1 9 1 3 3 966 2268 191 25 95.336143 information5 1 9 1 3 4 1178 2270 126 29 95.777885 through5 1 9 1 3 5 1322 2270 186 24 96.237892 educational5 1 9 1 3 6 1526 2277 159 23 96.350784 programs,5 1 9 1 3 7 1705 2271 168 29 96.098640 guidelines,5 1 9 1 3 8 1892 2272 157 24 96.194939 standards5 1 9 1 3 9 2067 2272 58 23 96.835297 anda 1 9 1 4 0 802 2304 1324 37 -1 5 1 9 1 4 1 802 2308 128 31 79.162354 criteria,5 1 9 1 4 2 950 2311 195 28 96.197464 publications5 1 9 1 4 3 1165 2312 58 24 96.773132 ands 1 9 1 4 4 1242 2304 113 33 96.892052 related5 1 9 1 4 5 1374 2313 156 28 96.264351 activities,5 1 9 1 4 6 1551 2313 94 24 96.387054 which5 1 9 1 4 7 1663 2313 60 24 96.637894 will5 1 9 1 4 8 1741 2319 84 19 96.301132 serves 1 9 1 4 9 1843 2314 28 24 96.354248 to5 1 9 1 4 10 1889 2313 95 25 95.536514 foster5 1 9 1 4 11 2000 2314 57 24 93.192192 ands 1 9 1 4 12 2076 2314 50 24 89.160507 im-4 1 9 1 5 0 801 2353 1159 31 -1 5 1 9 1 5 1 801 2358 89 23 96.518494 proves 1 9 1 5 2 906 2353 49 24 95.897568 thes 1 9 1 5 3 970 2354 112 29 96.130859 quality5 1 9 1 5 4 1098 2355 58 29 96.335457 ands 1 9 1 5 5 1171 2355 112 24 96.352180 services 1 9 1 5 6 1297 2355 31 24 96.352180 of5 1 9 1 5 7 1343 2355 114 25 96.588341 markets 1 9 1 5 8 1472 2356 135 24 96.654999 research5 1 9 1 5 9 1622 2355 30 24 96.247864 in5 1 9 1 5 10 1668 2356 48 24 96.241081 thes 1 9 1 5 11 1730 2355 108 25 95.783249 United5 1 9 1 5 12 1855 2356 105 25 96.060951 States.2 1 10 0 0 0 798 2416 1328 289 -1 3 1 10 1 0 0 799 2416 389 21 -1 4 1 10 1 1 0 799 2416 389 21 -1 5 1 10 1 1 1 799 2416 120 20 96.535286 ARTICLES 1 10 1 1 2 931 2418 44 18 48.354115 III.5 1 10 1 1 3 989 2418 199 19 95.507965 MEMBERSHIP3 1 10 2 0 0 798 2461 1328 244 -1 4 1 10 2 1 0 835 2461 1289 34 -1 5 1 10 2 1 1 835 2461 52 25 68.226234 3:15 1 10 2 1 2 924 2463 104 25 95.665703 Active5 1 10 2 1 3 1041 2463 204 31 96.080048 Membership.5 1 10 2 1 4 1261 2464 142 25 96.781883 Business5 1 10 2 1 5 1417 2465 217 29 96.246773 organizations5 1 10 2 1 6 1650 2466 149 29 96.294418 including5 1 10 2 1 7 1813 2466 207 29 96.735512 corporations,5 1 10 2 1 8 2035 2466 89 28 96.584518 firms,4 1 10 2 2 0 800 2506 1326 31 -1 5 1 10 2 2 1 800 2511 33 17 96.419472 or5 1 10 2 2 2 848 2506 210 29 95.992775 partnerships,5 1 10 2 2 3 1075 2508 130 28 95.813568 engaged5 1 10 2 2 4 1220 2507 31 23 95.963821 in5 1 10 2 2 5 1273 2507 46 29 95.614967 (a)5 1 10 2 2 6 1339 2513 154 19 72.689812 consumers 1 10 2 2 7 1506 2509 89 28 96.456871 goods5 1 10 2 2 8 1609 2514 34 18 96.456871 or5 1 10 2 2 9 1657 2508 124 25 95.186989 services5 1 10 2 2 10 1797 2509 246 27 93.301033 manufacturing,5 1 10 2 2 11 2059 2514 67 22 91.947220 sup-4 1 10 2 3 0 799 2548 1327 36 -1 5 1 10 2 3 1 799 2548 47 28 96.370529 ply5 1 10 2 3 2 868 2554 33 18 96.370529 or5 1 10 2 3 3 922 2549 138 29 96.343552 retailing5 1 10 2 3 4 1078 2549 157 29 93.263748 activities,5 1 10 2 3 5 1262 2549 47 29 92.792496 (b)5 1 10 2 3 6 1334 2551 116 23 96.942940 markets 1 10 2 3 7 1469 2551 135 24 96.478745 research5 1 10 2 3 8 1624 2551 226 29 93.289093 organizations,5 1 10 2 3 9 1876 2551 43 30 92.201408 (c)5 1 10 2 3 10 1944 2551 182 33 96.557167 advertising4 1 10 2 4 0 799 2590 1327 32 -1 5 1 10 2 4 1 799 2590 140 29 93.218788 agencies,5 1 10 2 4 2 970 2590 47 30 91.041603 (d)5 1 10 2 4 3 1044 2592 260 25 96.056648 communications5 1 10 2 4 4 1327 2593 104 28 96.227264 media,5 1 10 2 4 5 1454 2593 110 29 96.227264 having5 1 10 2 4 6 1584 2599 18 18 96.282333 a5 1 10 2 4 7 1624 2593 132 24 96.193130 business5 1 10 2 4 8 1778 2594 123 24 96.189636 interests 1 10 2 4 9 1923 2594 30 23 95.890686 in5 1 10 2 4 10 1974 2599 152 18 96.199577 consumer4 1 10 2 5 0 798 2634 1327 54 -1 5 1 10 2 5 1 798 2634 116 23 96.291672 markets 1 10 2 5 2 934 2635 135 23 96.543472 research5 1 10 2 5 3 1089 2641 52 18 96.722198 ares 1 10 2 5 4 1159 2635 118 29 96.039406 eligibles 1 10 2 5 5 1294 2635 49 24 96.567123 for5 1 10 2 5 6 1362 2636 97 23 96.044228 active5 1 10 2 5 7 1476 2635 194 30 96.708145 memberships 1 10 2 5 8 1690 2636 31 23 96.641487 in5 1 10 2 5 9 1739 2636 50 24 96.927406 thes 1 10 2 5 10 1807 2637 163 28 96.819336 applicable5 1 10 2 5 11 1988 2636 137 52 95.671677 category4 1 10 2 6 0 803 2674 394 31 -1 5 1 10 2 6 1 803 2674 132 31 68.216812 (a)~(d).5 1 10 2 6 2 947 2677 45 24 96.992180 sets 1 10 2 6 3 1003 2677 83 24 96.352295 forth5 1 10 2 6 4 1099 2677 98 25 96.854317 above. ADVISORY OPINIONS WITH REQUESTS THEREFOR 1079 1065 Request 3:2 Associate uM embership. Corporations, organizations, firms and individuals which, though not engaged in:consumer. market research, are nevertheless interested in consumer survey education and training, shall be eligible for associate membership. This shall include entities and persons in federal, state or local governmment, public opinion research organizations and. university level. schools and personnel thereof. a :

. 3:3 Active Member. Representatives, Hach active member shall designate a person to be known as the active member representative who shall represent such active member in the affairs of the Institute. An active member representative shall be an official or employee of the active member and such designation shall remain in effect unless revoked by the active member or unless the active member is more than 90 days in arrears on membership dues. 3:4 Voting: Each active. member. representative. in good standing: shall, be entitled to. one vote in. the affairs.of the Institute as provided by these bylaws. Associate members are entitled to the.same rights and privileges as active members, except for the right to vote.

3:5 Membership Obligations. Any party accepting membership in the Institute shall be deemed by doing so to have agreed to be bound by the bylaws and shall not represent compliance with Institute standards or accreditation unless this is a fact.

¢ ARTICLE IV. BOARD OF DIRECTORS 4:1 Members. The. Board of Directors shall be eleven in. number composed of active member representatives in good standing elected from the following active membership categories by the active members of each respective category : Category: ‘Nunvber Manufacturer-retailers ~--.--.._-----~-----.----------L------- 3 Advertising agencies___________---_-__--_---------------~-------- 1 Communications media___-___-_-------__----.--~---------+------ 1 ‘Market research organizations______-__-_-----------~_-----~---- 5 In addition, the Market Research Trade Association shall have the right to appoint one representative to the Board of Directors, which representative shall have the same rights and privileges as all other directors including the right to yote. In the event that such representative is not appointed following reasonable notice, the Board of Directors shall select a person employed as a supervisor of market research interviewers in lieu thereof and with the same rights and privileges.

4:2 Hlection and. Term. The term of office for Directors representing active members in good standing shall be three years, until a successor is elected, except that during the initial election one manufacturer-retailer active member representative shall be elected, respectively for a term of one, two and three years and one market research organization active member representative shall be elected for a term of one year, two such members for two years and two such members for three years. No active member shall be represented on the Board of Directors for more than two consecutive terms. ; 4:3 Meetings. Meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at least annually, at a time and place designated by the Board of Directors. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Executive Secretary or by any three members of the Board.

, Request 81 PT.C.

4:4 Notice. Notice of the time, place and agenda of meetings of the Board of Directors shall be mailed to each Director at least 15 days in advance of the meeting date, except that by consent of a: majority of the Directors, for good cause, special meetings may be held without 15 days notice. “4:5 Quorum, Conduct’ of Business. A quorum’ for the transaction of business shall be a majority of the Directors in office actually present at the meeting of the Board of Directors. There shall be no proxy votes at a Board of Directors meeting. In periods between: meetings, the Board of Directors may take action pursuant to a mail referendum of all Directors. 4:6 Interim Vacancies. If the active member representative resigns, dies or otherwise. withdraws from the Board of Directors following election thereto, then the active member ‘so represented: shall -have the power to designate a successor active member to complete the unexpired term: If the active member so represented: céases to be in good standing, then that active member representative: shall no longer be entitled to serve the remainder of the term. In such event, a vacancy shall arise which may be filled by the Board of Directors by an active member representative in the same category, subject, however, to ratification by the. active members in that category at the next election. : ARTICLE v. CONVENTIONS 5:1 Annual Conventions. The Board of Directors shall set the time and place of an annual convention and provide timely notice to the membership thereof. At the annual convention, the members shall be provided. an annual report of the activities and financial position of the Institute. 5:2 Convention Voting. At the annual conyention, the active members in good standing shall be provided the opportunity to elect members of the Board of Directors, as provided herein. Each such active member shall be entitled to: one vote through its designated active member representative. : 5:3 Nominations. Prior to the annual convention the Board of Directors shall appoint a Nominating Committee of five persons, three from the Board.of Directors, each in a different active member category, and two from the active membership not represented on the Board of Directors. The Nominating Committee shall select nominees for the Board of Directors pursuant to the bylaws and shall notify membership of its selection at least 60 days in advance of the annual convention.

For the first convention, this provision is suspended and the incorporators shall appoint a Nominating Committee generally consistent with the spirit and purpose of these bylaws which Nominating Committee shall select nominees for members of the initial Board of Directors.

5:4 Additional Nominees. Fifteen percent (15%) of the active members in each category shall, by petition, be entitled to have additional nominees for the Board of Directors placed on the ballot for vote at the annual convention, provided, however, that such petition must be presented to the Institute at least 10 days in advance of the annual convention.

5:5 Except as provided by these bylaws, the procedures for conduct of the business at the annual convention shall be in accordance with Roberts’ Rules of Order, latest revision.

ARTICLE VI. MANAGEMENT .

6:1 The responsibility and authority for management of the Institute shall vest with the Board of Directors.

ADVISORY OPINIONS WITH REQUESTS THEREFOR 1081 1065 Request 6:2..The Board of Directors. may select an Bxecutive Secretary. who shall ‘be responsible to. the Board of Directors for the staff. operations of the Institute. “The terms and conditions of: such employment shall be determined by the Board of Directors.

ARTICLE VII. MEMBERSHIP DUES AND STANDING 7:1 . The Board of Directors shall have the power to set the annual or special dues for the membership, and the terms for loss of good standing for failure to pay membership dues.

ARTICLE vin. PUBLICATIONS, EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS: 8:1 The Institute may publish periodicals, literature and educational materials relating to the Institute and market research affairs in the’ manner and form prescribed by the Board of Directors.

8:2 The Institute may arrange.and conduct educational programs, seminars and workshops on market research affairs.in the manner and form prescribed by the Beard of Directors. : :

ARTICLE IX. STANDARDS, ACCREDITATION 9:1. The institute shall have the power to develop, establish, and.implement reasonable standards and. accreditation procedures relating to consumer: market survey and research practices and procedures subject to the following conditions and limitations :

(a) Prior to implementing any proposed standards or accreditation procedures there shall be provided reasonable public notice of proposals with respect : thereto and an opportunity for interested persons to present their views. (b) Standards and accreditation shall be voluntary, nondiscriminatory, available to nonmembers as well as members, and no charges or fees incurred thereby shall operate unreasonably to foreclose the opportunity of interested parties, otherwise qualified, to secure the benefits thereof. (c) Standards shall be kept current and adequately “upgraded to allow for industry and scientific advances and innovation. (d) Audit programs aimed at fostering and monitoring compliance with standards and accreditation shall be fair, reasonable and nondiscriminatory. (e) Prior to any warning, suspension, deaccreditation or other action for failure to abide by standards, the party so charged shall be given a statement of the grounds for such action, together with an opportunity to be heard. Any action taken by the Institute with respect thereto shall include a notification of the party of the basis and reasons therefor. At the option of the party so charged the party shall be afforded a reasonable opportunity to have the merits of the charge adjudicated by compulsory arbitration by the American Arbitration Association in accordance with the rules thereof. 9:2 The Board of Directors shall have the power to delegate to a Standards and Acereditations Committee the implementation of this program on terms and conditions consistent with the bylaws hereof. ARTICLE X. AMENDMENTS 10:1 These bylaws may be amended by the following procedures: (a) By a vote of two-thirds of the Board of Directors provided, however, that such amendment shall thereafter be subject to ratification by two-thirds vote of the active membership at the next annual convention, the membership to be provided 30 days advance notice of such amendment to be ratified. 10825 1 1 1 1 2 1055 419 164 23 95.924316 FEDERAL5 1 1 1 1 3 1245 419 116 23 96.094902 TRADES 1 1 1 1 4 1390 419 233 25 96.769051 COMMISSIONS 1 1 1 1 5 1650 420 205 25 77.810104 DECISIONS5 1 1 1 1 6 1842 406 16 47 77.810104 -2 1 2 0 0 0 1386 476 722 53 -1 3 1 2 1 0 0 1386 476 722 53 -1 4 1 2 1 1 0 1386 476 722 53 -1 5 1 2 1 1 1 1386 476 129 53 96.126411 Requests 1 2 1 1 2 1897 483 93 41 0.000000 s15 1 2 1 1 3 2010 501 98 26 47.300232 RTO.2 1 3 0 0 0 826 555 1281 47 -1 3 1 3 1 0 0 826 555 1281 47 -1 4 1 3 1 1 0 826 555 1281 47 -1 5 1 3 1 1 1 826 568 46 29 93.165230 (b)5 1 3 1 1 2 891 569 83 29 96.351768 Upon5 1 3 1 1 3 985 565 126 33 96.273262 petitions 1 3 1 1 4 1124 570 35 28 96.577065 by5 1 3 1 1 5 1172 570 68 29 96.626381 15%5 1 3 1 1 6 1254 571 32 23 96.980370 of5 1 3 1 1 7 1297 572 50 23 96.847549 thes 1 3 1 1 8 1359 555 95 40 97.011780 active5 1 3 1 1 9 1466 572 194 29 95.885384 memberships 1 3 1 1 10 1672 572 130 24 96.595375 received5 1 3 1 1 11 1815 573 35 29 96.955521 by5 1 3 1 1 12 1863 574 46 24 96.586929 thes 1 3 1 1 13 1915 575 148 26 96.356430 Institutes 1 3 1 1 14 2074 578 33 24 96.423370 at2 1 4 0 0 0 769 608 1337 36 -1 3 1 4 1 0 0 769 608 1337 36 -1 4 1 4 1 1 0 769 608 1337 36 -1 5 1 4 1 1 1 769 609 98 26 73.359077 ‘least5 1 4 1 1 2 874 611 35 24 47.592373 605 1 4 1 1 3 922 612 74 28 47.592373 days5 1 4 1 1 4 1010 612 32 23 96.651443 in5 1 4 1 1 5 1055 608 136 29 59.161987 advances 1 4 1 1 6 1199 613 33 23 59.161987 of5 1 4 1 1 7 1244 611 50 26 96.379715 thes 1 4 1 1 8 1307 614 111 24 95.994522 annual5 1 4 1 1 9 1431 614 180 28 65.397362 convention,5 1 4 1 1 10 1620 617 24 21 65.397362 ‘a5 1 4 1 1 11 1657 615 142 29 92.472580 proposed5 1 4 1 1 12 1813 615 293 29 89.698029 bylaw-amendment2 1 5 0 0 0 784 653 1322 100 -1 3 1 5 1 0 0 784 653 1322 76 -1 4 1 5 1 1 0 784 653 1322 51 -1 5 1 5 1 1 1 784 653 79 24 96.309677 shall5 1 5 1 1 2 876 653 35 24 86.267517 be5 1 5 1 1 3 925 654 164 28 96.240204 publicized5 1 5 1 1 4 1105 656 29 23 96.981216 to5 1 5 1 1 5 1148 656 59 23 96.301804 thes 1 5 1 1 6 1214 654 194 30 93.277855 memberships 1 5 1 1 7 1422 656 123 24 91.730591 at:least5 1 5 1 1 8 1554 655 40 25 94.612167 305 1 5 1 1 9 1607 657 74 28 96.560135 days5 1 5 1 1 10 1696 658 31 22 93.333847 in5 1 5 1 1 11 1740 654 131 28 93.333847 advances 1 5 1 1 12 1885 659 33 23 95.417580 of5 1 5 1 1 13 1932 659 49 24 95.417580 thes 1 5 1 1 14 1996 662 110 42 95.640335 annual4 1 5 1 2 0 784 695 1173 58 -1 5 1 5 1 2 1 784 695 173 25 95.170822 conventions 1 5 1 2 2 974 696 60 24 95.170822 ands 1 5 1 2 3 1050 697 122 24 96.323784 enacted5 1 5 1 2 4 1189 698 37 28 96.417969 by5 1 5 1 2 5 1243 698 166 24 96.143127 two-thirds5 1 5 1 2 6 1425 699 67 23 96.725433 votes 1 5 1 2 7 1507 699 33 23 96.278107 of5 1 5 1 2 8 1556 699 51 23 96.212021 thes 1 5 1 2 9 1621 699 97 25 96.648918 active5 1 5 1 2 10 1732 696 201 57 92.762466 membership.5 1 5 1 2 11 1955 719 2 2 24.520958 -2 1 6 0 0 0 1352 788 183 27 -1 3 1 6 1 0 0 1352 788 183 27 -1 4 1 6 1 1 0 1352 788 183 27 -1 5 1 6 1 1 1 1352 788 147 19 92.056160 APPENDIX5 1 6 1 1 2 1518 789 17 26 79.737381 B2 1 7 0 0 0 809 852 1269 41 -1 3 1 7 1 0 0 809 852 1269 41 -1 4 1 7 1 1 0 809 852 1269 41 -1 5 1 7 1 1 1 809 854 153 25 89.921143 PROPOSED5 1 7 1 1 2 971 862 178 18 39.796505 MARKETING RESEARCH INSTITUTE MINIMUM STANDARDS DEFINITIONS Client A manufacturer, advertising agency, publisher, broadcaster, retailer, etc., who contracts with outside independent companies to conduct some or all phases of individual market research studies.

Research Company -An independent company: that contracts with clients for the performance of some. or all phases of individual market research studies, including the subcontracting of specific study phases.

Field Supervisor Independent firms or individuals usually working in only single metropolitan areas to whom Research Companies and/or-clients may sub-contract the execution of the data collection activities for individual studies. Interviewer ‘Independent sub-contractors and/or employees of supervisors who collect raw data from respondents through personal, telephone or mail interviews. Verification. Validation The procedure for determining the accuracy of field interviews. Coding The procedure for evaluating the strength or weakness of the response of a person interviewed. :

Audit The procedure for evaluating a completed market research project to determine compliance with agreed standards, specifications and procedures. 1. Market Research Study Specification Standards A. All of the objectives of a market research study should be clearly and carefully spelled out in writing at the outset or confirmed in writing. B. All of the desired information requirements to be included in the questionnaire should be clearly and carefully spelled out in writing at the outset or confirmed in writing.

C. In carrying out A and B above, the following details of the type of sample to be utilized and its content should be indicated by the client : Specific sample selection procedure to be employed. Any special or unusual requirements for selection of specific respondents. The universe of respondents to be interviewed and the specific subgroups with the desired number of interviews of each group. The specific maximum number of callbacks to be utilized. Anticipated incidence rates for both the total universe and specific subgroups. The specific cities or areas to be included and the number of interviews in each, as well as a precise definition of the specific areas to be covered. ADVISORY .OPINIONS WITH. REQUESTS. THEREFOR — 1083 1065 | Request _ D. The details of the methodology to be employed, including the method of interview on each phase of the study and the number of phases to be conducted, should be specified.

E. The probable length of ‘the questionnaire and ‘the approximate number of open-ended questions should be specified.

F. Final questionnaire should be approved by the client. 7 G. Specifications for pre-test should be spelled out and include the following: Number Where conducted When conducted With whom conducted How conducted How to be reported: :

H. Any unusual interviewer briefing requirements. should be specified. I. Any unusual validation requirements should be specified. J. Any unusual tabulation specifications..and statistical: routines should be specified. oo K. The specific type of report format should be indicated. L. The cost of the study and the schedule of payment should be specified. M. The desired timetable for scheduling. and reporting of the study should:be agreed: -upon including an indication of the necessity. for a- written or. verbal presentation. : : .

N.. Any.subsequent changes in any of the. specifications should be: provided in written form. . . ; :

2. Project Acknowledgment: ;

A written acknowledgment to proceed with the project should be provided to the research company.

3. Written Instructions For The Field Supervisor A. Written instructions should be furnished to the Field Supervisor and a copy furnished to the client.

B. These instructions should contain, at a minimum, the name, number, and purpose of the study: sample specifications; quotas, verification requirements, editing requirements, schedule for return of completed questionnaires, emergency contacts; and description of allowable expenses. C. Supervisor should not be informed of client’s identity unless specifically authorized by the client.

4. Written Instructions For The Interviewer ; A. Written instructions should be furnished to the Interviewer and a copy of these furnished to the client.

B. These instructions should contain, at a minimum, the name, number, and purpose of the study; sample specifications; quotas; explanation of the questionnaire and its handling (including probing instructions where necessary) ; time schedules and delivery requirements for completed questionnaires; and responsibilities to the Field Supervisor.

5. Recruiting Field Supervisors In recruiting Field Supervisors, preference should be given to those subscribing to the applicable M.R.I. standards.

6. Distribution of Material The client should allow the Research Company a reasonable length of time in planning so as to allow efficient distribution of materials, and the Research 1084 ‘FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION DECISIONS Request 81 ETC.

Company, in turn, should allow a reasonable length of time for ‘distribution to the field.

%.. Selection of Interviewers .

In the selection of Interviewers, preference should be given ‘to those who have been certified as meeting applicable M.R.I. standards. Substitutes’ should be briefed on M.R.I. standards _and they should agree to these ‘standards by signature.

8. Interviewer Briefing Sessions ;

Interviewer briefing sessions must be held unless otherwise ‘specified by the client of the Research Company. A report of these briefing sessions” ‘should be furnished to the Research Company and should include dates, times, names of interviewers in attendance, name of instructor, and whether conducted by telephone or in person. All interviewers must be properly briefed. 9. Interviewing Standards “ A. Disclosures of: the client’s ‘tame by the interviewer in order to gain respondent cooperation or: for: any other reason is strictly Prohibited unless specifically authorized by the client.

B. The amount of time ‘required for: ‘the interview should not be misrepresented to the respondent. : : :

-?C. Strict adhererice to the sanipie design is tequiréa, ’ D. Questionnaires should be read as written and in the order in which questions are listed.

: E. The entire’. questionnaire ‘should be completed with the respondent. No incomplete questionnaire should be submitted without explanation’ nor should it be counted in the quota.

F. Completed questionnaires should be returned on schedule. G. No interviews should be conducted with acquaintances, friends, neighbors, relatives, or anyone interviewed by the same interviewer in the past six months. 10. Return. of Material A. First day questionnaires should be forwarded to the Research Company by the fastest means within 24 hours.

‘B. The balance of the questionnaires should be returned on an- agreed upon schedule that will permit timely validations. 11. Validation Standards :

- A. Verification certificates supplied by M.R.I. or embodying M.R. L guidelines should be used.

B. Validation should be conducted by phone or in person. €. Validation should be conducted only once with any particular respondent, and a notation made on the verification certificate. D. A positive attitude should be used in validating. i. Validating calls will not be made prior to 9 A.M. local time nor later than 9:30 P.M. local time on weekdays and Saturdays and Sundays. Sunday validating cells are not to be made prior to 11 A.M. F. A minimum of 159 of each interviewer’s work randomly selected over the active study period should be completely validated. A greater proportion of validating should be done wherever substantial discrepancies are found. A greater proportion will usually have to be attempted in order to achieve this percentage. G. The specific responsibility for validation is to be agreed upon in writing between the client and Research Company.

ADVISORY OPINIONS WITH REQUESTS THEREFOR 1085 1065, Request 12. Editing Standards A. ‘Rditing should be a separate function, from coding; it. is desirable but nat essential to utilize different personnel than in coding. : B. The superyisor should check. questionnaires for completeness. Client procédures ify either or not and how. the super isor is to Allin, missing angwers, Alls supervisor corrections sponlg be indicated i ina different color pencil. questionnaires should be kept in a sepa: é handle them as soon as possible. whan .

legibility. ot FB, Bditing instructions for, each: “study should. be, reviewed . by. the, person responsible for the study.

G. a shquld be done in a different colored. pencil. than. those, already 0 used visor and the person in the Research Company, responsible. for. the. st the client, if he so desires. :

D. A coding supervisor should be assigned to each project. ; E. The code should be typed and explained to the coders. The coders should de given copies ‘of all ‘exhibit cards and other visual aids used in the project. All rotations or other variations of the questionnaire should be completely explained, ; F. Bateh or control Slips should be assigned to batches of questionnaires. ‘The. batch sheets should have the question numbers listed and a place for the coder’s initials and the check coder’s initials next to each question. G. The project should be organized so that certain coders only code certain questions or sections of the questionnaire. H. The’ coding supervisor should-have the responsibility of answering all ‘the. questions which arise during coding. Coders should be encouraged to, ask .questions when they are in doubt of the meaning of an answer or the way an answer should be coded. a I. Any changes or additions to the code must be communicated to all coders ‘at once.

J. The code building and eoding functions should be performed by. ‘people who : have been properly trained in these endeavors. K. 25% of all coding should be checked. before work j is tabulated. . L. A new coder should have 100% of her work checked. M. Check coding should be done by simply recoding the questions and comparing the coder’s work with the check coder’s work. N. If a coder has, made consistent errors, 100% of the coder’ Ss work should be chéck coded.” Ms O. The check coder should put her initials next to the coder’ Ss initials: on the bateh slip.

1086 - FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION ‘DECISIONS |“ * Request 81 FT..

P. A 5% error in coding in each individual question by. an indiviaual coder should be the maxinium allowable error. , 14, Keypunching/Card Cleaning .

shouta be kept ‘of thé number and. typ of errors found when verifying the ards. B: Keypunch operators ‘should ‘be experienced in’ working, with marketing research data, or properly trained i in that field. : men Checks’ should be made to’ verify that: a. Single’columiis have’ single ‘punches ~ co b. Skip patterns have been followed correctly ees e. Logic. checks are made to: make. sure: that, question ‘sequence has ‘been followed correctly.’ , ae D. If errors or inconsistencies are found when the cards are cle ned, the quéstionnaire should be referred to for corrections. ” - 15. Tabulating Standards .

“A. All tabuiating’ plans’ should ‘be approved by’ the Client and/or person ‘in, ‘the Research Company responsible for the study prior to the start ot tab i B. The tabulating plan. should include the following: . A list-of all ruts and’ cross runs with qualifications for each run, a “The specifié base ‘on which questions will” be percentaged for. each. run, ; . ; . Specific’ instructions ‘for: each auestion . that is to ‘pe, weighted. sh ald: be provided.

C. If the tabulating is to. be done using” a card sorter,, the. following. checks should be’ ‘made: .

Checks shouldbe made on cards as they are ‘sorted. : All hand calculations such as adding, subtracting, percentaging, ‘should be doubled checked. ;

All typed tables are to be double checked for typographical errors. ‘ D, If tabulating is to be done by a computer, program errors can be ‘checked by taking a minimum sample of 15% of the cards, and comparing answers against the total sample for each question.

“16. Data Storage Standards A. The I.B.M. cards and/or tapes should be stored for a minimum of one year. The minimum for questionnaire storage should bé 6 months. — At the end of the stated length of time, the Research Company should alert the client to the fact that the data will be destroyed unless the client elects to store the data himself, or pay the storage charge. B. The Field File at the Research Company should include the following forms:

a. Contact Sheet b. Briefing Session Form ec. Check-in Sheet d. Interviewer Field Validation e f &.

. Validation Questionnaire or Certificate . Interviewer Field Instructions . Supervisor Instructions h. Sampling Instructions -i, Any Reports to M.R.I. on certified Interviewer’s and/or certified Supervisor’s noncompliance with standards.

ADVISORY OPINIONS WITH REQUESTS THEREFOR 1087 1065 Request C. The Coding File at the Research Company should include the following forms:

. Coding Record Sheet . Control Batch Coding Sheet . Sampled responses used to build codes . Alleodes | “Other Mentions” list . All correspondence with the Tabulating Company . Editing Instructions — . Master Questionnaire ji. Key Punch Control Sheets j. Cleaning Record (Computer) Sheet 17. Reporting Standards In those cases where the Research Company supplies analysis and report writing services, a copy of the tabulations will also be supplied. 18. Payments A. Payments for satisfactory work should not be delayed beyond two weeks from completion of the job or receipt of the invoice. : B. Payment to intreviewers should be on an hourly basis rather than on a per interview basis.

19. Auditing Standards A. The auditor should be a disinterested party with no financial relationships with the parties to the market research project being audited. B. If the audit is not pursuant to an M.R.I. field investigation, the auditor should be compensated solely by the party requesting the audit, unless other arrangements are made in writing and disclosed to the other party to the transaction. ;

C. The auditor should maintain the details of the project being audited in confidence and disclose the results of his audit solely to the party requesting the audit unless the requesting party directs otherwise, or unless the audit is pursuant to an M.R.I. field investigation.

D. The auditor will review the documents relating to the market research project to determine conformance with the above M.R.I. standards, or such other standards as may have been specified by the client, as applicable, and shall prepare a written report of his findings. EH. If the services of an M.R.I. auditor are requested by a person or organization, the M.R.I. auditor will conduct an audit only in situations where the client has specified M.R.I. standards, to determine compliance therewith. rH roan op os fe _ TABLE OF COMMODITIES* DECISIONS AND ORDERS . _ Page, Antifreeze, automotive 2.6.6.2 eee ee eee eee wee ee ee 6 169. Apparel oo PUTS mt.

-Men’s .....----- pee ee ee te eet ee etree nee gs 838, Women’s .. 2... esse ee eee ee eee neeee wee ee es 137,292 Appliances, electrical»... 06000 t eee eee eee eter ne + 188, 255 Automobiles, new and used... 2.2. e eee eee te ee eee es WAT, 145) Automobile parts/services, franchise .........-+% peu eee. 2.618 Automobile stabilizers, “Dynamic Absorbers” wb ect ee eee eens 745 | Automotive oil additives 2.0... cece ete ete erent eens, ort siicienbt reeecuinE ROR ET RB OTSDE SG SOSTERE TE DSE 161° Bedding, mattresses/box springs ». 1... +2220 eee ee eee wy 124" Bread, nutritive value of ©... . 2... +e eee tee eee eevee es 921 - Building materials Sete eee eee eee wee lee ee ee 108" Carpets ' a - we we eee es e » 149, 165, 197, 268, 315, 329, 385, 563, 592, 2 oe i 611, 767, 771, 826, 901, 911, 934, 945, 1017. Cleaners, household 2.0.2... ee ee eee eee ee there ence 551, , 579. Confectioneries, “Holloway Milk-Duds’” ....-.5..-+5 .: tee ee 880° Consumer credit reports, furnishing unauthorized ..... . . . 359, 476, 774 Consumer loans... 0... eee eee eee e teers 381, 774, 938. Cookingutensils 2.0... ee eee eee cee eee eee Sl... B87. Correspondence school, truck driver... 2.646 - + eee ees See 267 Dry-foods, wholesale marketing facilities .........-- wee eee ~, 481 “Dynamic Absorbers,” automobile stabilizers .......-.--.- vee TAB “Easy-Off,” window cleaner -. 2-6-2 eee ee eee eee eee eee s BVO Figure improvement programs 2.11. eee eee ee ee tee 193 Financing contracts, real estate ...... pee eee eee es 661, 779, 895 Flammable fabrics ..... wee eae 6 184, 153, 340, 344, 348, 385, 544, 548, 5638, 592, 611, 918, 934, 1017 Forest reserves, manufacturing facilities of ‘ wood products .....-.-.0500% pce tect e eee e nes 984 Franchise dealerships a Automobile parts/services .....-- 00 eet eee ee eee +... 618 Cologne, Ronson products, “Life Breathers” .....-----+---- 370° Fruits and vegetables, marketing £ facilities .. 2... ee ee ee 5... 201 Fur products 2... 6. ce eee ee ee ee eer ee ees 19, 130, 174, 259, 336, 559, 615, 730, 810, 814, 927.

Furniture .........-. a a ar ae ar a 74, 104, 188, 255 Greeting cards ...... Sc ee ee eee eee ee ee eee 836 Health club memberships .. 1... 2. eee ee ee ee ete tes 785 “Holloway Milk Duds,” confectioneries ......- +--+: Lee eee 830 * Commodities involved in dismissing or vacating orders are indicated by italicized page reference.

494-841—73—--70 Marketing facilities, fruits and vegetables wee DECISIONS AND ORDERS Home improvement products ee cee ea aae ;

Home instruction courses, “civil service” ........ Lee tee oe Homes, custom-built, “package” 2.0.2 ..0.l...000 08 oon Household products .............

Income tax services) 2... 3.00003 0e:

Macaroni and pasta products tanec eee Magazine, subscriptions sce wee ene teense Manufacturing facilities, forest reserves, for . wood products ........0.44 vee Marketing facilities, dry-foods, “ wholseale Mattress pads .. 2.0.2.5. tee eee ae we tage a Micro-wave ovens .. 1... 0000 ee ceeceecee’ Miscellaneous merchandise rare a Mobile homes, . ..- s ese 2 see + estes Nonprescription product, ‘ ‘* ‘Un-burn”

Pasta and macaroni products wee Pharmaceutical preparation, “Vivarin” .. |, Photographic equipment, new as used, .

Piano/organs, newasused..:... ree ;

Plumbing/heating equipment/installation 1... ee . : 678° Puzzle contest 2... ee eee eee ee ee ee ee an 738 Real estate, financing contracts........... seen 661, 779, 895 “Reddy Checks,” unauthorized consumer loatis 1... 0... ee eee 476 Rugs andcarpets ,.......... '. . 15, 149, 165, 197, 329, 767, 771, 826 Scarves........ bee eee eee _» 1,12,134, 179, 193, 340, 548, 931 School, correspondence, truck driver ..........004. ‘. see 267 Siding material, residential 2.0... 00 3 0 ee ee ee ee 275, 703 “Springwell Chiropractic,” mattress ...... Le we ew ee wees 124 Stereoequipment :...........0 00200 Dee ee ee eee 86 Subscriptions, magazines ........0.020 2c es eeeeae eee . 98, 218 - Sugar, nutritional claims ........ Ce ee ee ee ee eee 861, 711, “724 Swimming pools ........0..0 00s eee eee eeen Lae eee es 596 Tax services ........-- See an ee we ee te eee '. . 281, 308, 906 Televisionsets ........-...+00-5 ee eee eee eee ee es 86. Tires ......0.0. be eee ee ee ee ee ee ee nna 398 “Un-burn,”’ nonprescription product ......... 6 eee ede eee D8 .“Vivarin,” pharmaceutical preparation ..........000006 1222 238 Wearing apparel ..... see ee eee “eee eee ee eee eee 158 Wood products, manufacturing facilities and BS forest reserves 2... 0. ee ee ee eee eee ee wie 984 Wool fabric ..........2.0.. Sees Le eee ee eee ees 734, Acquiring corporate stock or assets: .. Ce be - . ~ Clayton Act, Sec. 7 2.1... septa bee eae beQ ea Federal Trade Commission ‘Act, Sec. 5.

Additional charges unmentioned, advertising falsely and, ~ misrepresenting | eee ee teen eee eens Advertising allowances and material - - Advertising and promotional expenses, discriminating in | Price through. See:Discriminating in price. pune Mead ink Advertising falsely or misleadingly :. a * Business status, advantages or connections: cot ate sals Connections or arrangements with others ..

. _Contracts and obligations .......... we etd Et acre et at! lo Foreign: branches; operations; ete, ele cec eens ce Ss Noe Government. connection: er ars ss Qualifications and abilities ce epee eee see eee: oo eal are's ve 4 nt - 398 Services 2... ee ee es Les 281, 596 Stock, product, or service .......-.-.. ee we ek ee oe wee ete 596 Unique or special status or advantages wee ee eee we alesis, 267 _ Comparative data or merits. 2... 6. ee ee ee eee ~ 579, 921 Composition of goods — oe! Federal Trade Commission Act coe ee ere ee tee 921 Textile Fiber Products Identification Act ........ . 389, 734, 911, 945 Connection of others with goods .........0- 0-00 eee ee ene: 830 _ Content ............ cece ee ee eee tee ee et ees 238, 246 _ Dealer or seller assistance . 2... ee ee ee wa. 819 Earnings and profits... 6.0. 6 ee es 870, 551, 661, 819 ‘Endorsements, approval and testimonials. Date ep epeee eee ee _....-.124,.830 Free goods or services .........-. rere 74, 86, 218,.703, 738,836 Governmental approval, action, connection or standards ........ 5, 296 . Guarantees .....................° 281, 587, 596, 608, 703, 793, 906 Knowingly by advertising agent ee ee eee eee 5 Limited offers or supply ....,.......ccc0:ece ee ee ees 315, 708, 945 Nature of product or service .. 74, 169, 238, 267, 398, 539, 587,911, 921 * Covering practices and matters involved in Commission orders. For index of commodities, see Table. of Commodities. References to matters involved in vacating or dismissing orders are indicated by /talics. : «1091 . 1092 FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION DECISIONS DECISIONS AND ORDERS oo a oo Page Old as beingnew ......, 0.0000 e cece eee eee se 539, 567 Operation ...... a 155 | - Premiums and prizes .. 2.2.0... ce ec cece aeae . 551, 703, 738 Prices: 6 0. ce ce ee ee we wa ew ee es 218, 255. Additional charges unmentioned . . 66-6 eee ee ee ee ee BEL Bait ce ce ee ee eee ee ee eee 193 Comparative 2.6... cee ee eee eae 567, 945. Cost, expense reimbursing... 0.0.0.6: ee er ereterete we - 661, ‘819 Demonstration reductions. . a are ne we eile) 596. Discount savings... 2 cs Oe a i ee « 86, 315. Exaggerated as regular and:‘customary .. 2. is: 19, 74, 567, 596, 945 ’ Percentage savings .......... 00g ee euly ee ah 315, 819, 945. Retail as cost, wholesale, ttadacaatiiad EE ee ee a ee eae $89 Sales below cost .........000 Se oe SE SE ee be ee i: 389 Savings aiid discounts subsidized er ee ef) Terms and conditions ....-.-...-.-. .°. 86,104, 141, 145, 182; 188,267, ‘275, 288, 296,315, 359, 567, 596; 6; 661, 678,.779, 793,891; 895; 906 ---. Usual as reduced, special - ae wcererete e LY, 246, 275, 315; 567, 785, 793 Prize contests fe eee ee wee eee! ete ee - 738 “Qualities of product-or service - eee ete eee i . - 587, 880 Anti-freeze. -.-.- 0-6 see a eee eee Sea VD: ty vate 169 Durability or permanence -.-.-.-.-.:.-.0.5. bE SS eee eee 708 ’ Fire-extinguishing or fire-resistant -.-.-.-.:.-.-.-. eee ete te ere ee ee 156 Medicinal, therapeutic, healthful... ...... eee ee eae 23, 124, 793 Nutritive. 2. c-. ee ek wee ee wee ee ee 352, 921 Preventive or protective ..-. 0... 0. eee ee eet ee eee 370, 745 ‘Reducing, non-fattening, low-calorie .......... 711, 724, 785, 793 Quality of product-orservice .....5.....-2.0.06 169, 315, 398, 579 Quantity in stock .......... “beet ee awe we be eaee 596 Refunds, repairs and replacements ......... tee ee ee ee 906 Results ...0...:...0.% ce aee a ee ee ala ae alee ee ee eee 785 Safety of product ......... 0. Were wee eee wae ee eae 5, 398, 745. Scientific or other relevant facts cee eee 661, 711, 724, 745,.793, 921 Services oe ee ee tee ees 370, 785 Source or origin... ee alee ee ee wwe es 793 Special or limited offers ..........- eee eb ewes 785 Standards; specifications, or source ........-...- ora eee ‘siete es we ee 5 Statutory requirements: Ft we Fur Products Labeling Act. 0... ce cg ee eee eee eee 814 Textile Fiber Products Identification Act... . 315, 389, 734, 810, 911 Truth in Lending Act ..... “eS ee eee 141, 145, 182, 188, 255, . , 275, 288, 296, 315, 359, 567, 596, 661; 678, 779, 793, 891, 895 Terms. and conditions ....:.... ace we ew eee 74,.255, 738, 819: Tests and investigations . 2... 0... ee ee ee eee 5,579 Tests, scientific ........226. cee eee sae ee we ww ee 23 ‘Trademark registration or use . 2.2... ee eee ee ee wee eee 945 Unique nature or advantages .......... 238, 352, 711, 724, 745, 793 Vale occ ee cee emer ee ree eee eee eee ene ..- 661 DECISIONS AND ORDERS : Page Advertising for services and facilities, discrithinating it in price through. ee See Discriminating in price. 7 Aiding, assisting and abetting unfair or unlawful act or practice eee eee 539 Bait prices, advertising falsely and misrepresenting .....:......-- 793 Business methods, policies and practices, advertising falsely and misrepresenting ........ 024 ee eee Le eee eee . . 231 _ Civil Service Commission, advertising falsely connection with ......:. 296 Claiming or using endorsements ¢ or testimonials falsely © or © So misleadingly kee eee eee be ee ee eee eee ee ee + 832 Clayton Act: ” i _ , Dt , _ Sec. 2— Discriminating in price ~ © See. 2(a) — Charges and price differentials’... 5.5.2.2... +. 88 Sec. 7 — Acquiring corporate stock or assets J. 2 ee 481, 984 Collecting, assembling, furnishing or utilizing consumer reports 3. 381, 938 Combining or conspiring to enforce or r bring about resale price ce maintenance Peete ete teehee eee ee es B19 | Comparative data or merits, advertising falsely or ‘misrepreseriting’ . . 579, 921. Comparative j prices, advertising falsély or misrepréseniting . . . 246, 567, 945 Competitive contests and awards, offering unfair, improper and : . deceptive inducements to purchase or deal 6. 02... ee.» 708, 738 Competitors’ products, advertising falsely 1.5... +. wee eee s 5TD Concealing, obliterating or removing law required and informative / marking, textile fiber products tags or identification ........ 389, 911 Confidentiality, collecting consumer reports ....-..---.-+5. 881, 938 Connections and arrangements with | others, , misrepresenting .. 6... ce ee eee 74, 98, 267, 296, 830, 836 Content, advertising falsely or vcisrepresenting cee eee 238, 246, 921 Contracts and obligations, advertising falsely Se et eee 906 Contracts restricting products 2... ee ee 618 Cost, expense reimbursing or advertising, advertising falsely .... . 661, 819 Cutting off access to customers or market 2... 6.2... 200 0-- 618, 793 Dealer or seller assistance ......... De eee Do eee 661, 819 Dealing on exclusive and tying basis ©... 6. ee ee ee es 618 Deductions in price, offering unfair 2.2... ee ee ee 359, 476 Delinquent debt collection, threatening suits nct in good faith . . 93, 296, 836 Demand or business opportunities, securing agents by : misrepresentation 2... ee ee ee eee “.. 661 Demonstration reductions, advertising falsely ......-....-2-00- 596 Discount savings, advertising falsely ......--.----+++5-2-5--- 86, 315 Discriminating in price, charges and price differentials .......-+.5%-- 83 Dismissal Orders:

Order dismissing corhplaint agairist 4 Néw York City manufacturer of a nonprescription product aici for use on minor burns and sunburn |... Mee ee ee we ee eee ne 23 Order dismissing complaint, as to two “eepodents, charging violation of Sec. 2(c) of the Clayton Act, asamended ...... 2... 201 DECISIONS AND ORDERS Page Orders 1 3 1 2 2 916 610 174 41 77.006493 dismissing.5 1 3 1 2 3 1094 609 168 44 96.641739 complaints 1 3 1 2 4 1274 608 126 33 96.896477 alleging5 1 3 1 2 5 1409 608 148 37 96.156212 violations 1 3 1 2 6 1569 608 36 27 96.646919 of5 1 3 1 2 7 1615 608 66 35 96.560852 Sec.5 1 3 1 2 8 1696 609 17 26 96.928780 75 1 3 1 2 9 1726 608 37 26 96.993584 of5 1 3 1 2 10 1773 608 53 39 96.954399 thea 1 3 1 3 0 851 643 1063 61 -1 5 1 3 1 3 1 851 655 131 34 96.127853 Clayton5 1 3 1 3 2 992 649 71 38 96.606171 Act,5 1 3 1 3 3 1076 663 31 19 97.004089 as5 1 3 1 3 4 1119 648 160 38 95.928452 amended,5 1 3 1 3 5 1293 646 126 35 96.620964 because5 1 3 1 3 6 1432 643 36 37 96.632553 of5 1 3 1 3 7 1478 645 53 36 96.632553 thes 1 3 1 3 8 1543 647 190 53 94.260765 insufficient5 1 3 1 3 9 1744 643 142 61 96.686081 evidences 1 3 1 3 10 1912 646 2 2 6.041809 ,4 1 3 1 4 0 820 692 1268 43 -1 5 1 3 1 4 1 820 719 3 5 81.402069 .5 1 3 1 4 2 851 704 35 24 50.513874 to5 1 3 1 4 3 896 704 129 30 50.513874 supports 1 3 1 4 4 1036 701 121 34 96.387085 findings 1 3 1 4 5 1162 697 41 31 95.748764 of5 1 3 1 4 6 1212 701 147 26 91.207367 violations 1 3 1 4 7 1393 719 523 14 0.000000 .............2..000055 1 3 1 4 8 1932 692 156 34 0.000000 e4814 1 3 1 5 0 766 739 1311 55 -1 5 1 3 1 5 1 766 740 130 34 96.431168 Doctors5 1 3 1 5 2 907 740 64 34 95.137802 ands 1 3 1 5 3 979 739 128 35 95.137802 medical5 1 3 1 5 4 1119 743 182 39 96.742363 profession,5 1 3 1 5 5 1312 743 142 36 96.284500 claiming5 1 3 1 5 6 1464 754 35 18 96.284050 or5 1 3 1 5 7 1508 739 89 46 96.956650 using5 1 3 1 5 8 1607 742 229 52 96.624413 endorsements5 1 3 1 5 9 1942 745 3 1 14.207245 :4 1 3 1 6 0 806 786 1284 46 -1 5 1 3 1 6 1 806 802 36 18 96.963219 or5 1 3 1 6 2 853 784 203 36 95.728951 testimonials5 1 3 1 6 3 1065 786 106 46 96.838303 falsely5 1 3 1 6 4 1184 801 36 19 94.094398 or5 1 3 1 6 5 1231 792 206 33 92.862755 misleadingly5 1 3 1 6 6 1480 812 322 6 82.610580 ............5 1 3 1 6 7 1810 824 106 3 15.738136 ee5 1 3 1 6 8 1939 811 64 7 30.478531 eee5 1 3 1 6 9 2028 792 62 26 96.002296 1244 1 3 1 7 0 766 830 1324 55 -1 5 1 3 1 7 1 766 835 168 50 96.762451 Durability5 1 3 1 7 2 946 848 36 19 96.076630 or5 1 3 1 7 3 993 848 209 25 95.641693 permanence,5 1 3 1 7 4 1216 836 180 36 96.811424 advertising5 1 3 1 7 5 1407 831 105 49 96.488197 falsely5 1 3 1 7 6 1537 858 92 6 11.122040 ee5 1 3 1 7 7 1652 859 36 5 13.351219 ee5 1 3 1 7 8 1727 858 46 6 23.754486 ee5 1 3 1 7 9 1796 858 36 6 24.496887 ee5 1 3 1 7 10 1852 858 36 6 37.920300 ee5 1 3 1 7 11 1892 830 24 34 0.000000 “y5 1 3 1 7 12 1939 858 63 6 12.245132 2.5 1 3 1 7 13 2028 838 62 26 85.846794 7084 1 3 1 8 0 765 878 1298 43 -1 5 1 3 1 8 1 765 878 148 49 96.714989 Earnings5 1 3 1 8 2 917 878 61 49 96.839432 ands 1 3 1 8 3 990 878 119 50 96.407066 profits,5 1 3 1 8 4 1112 879 191 49 96.407066 advertising5 1 3 1 8 5 1313 881 106 37 93.302406 falsely5 1 3 1 8 6 1428 878 85 46 14.057808 and_5 1 3 1 8 7 2044 914 19 7 42.612041 74 1 3 1 9 0 806 917 1284 52 -1 5 1 3 1 9 1 806 923 266 43 89.466728 misrepresenting5 1 3 1 9 2 1106 952 64 6 34.025864 ...5 1 3 1 9 3 1192 919 121 51 10.782593 0.0.025 1 3 1 9 4 1363 951 8 7 0.000000 -5 1 3 1 9 5 1409 951 76 7 25.827477 cee5 1 3 1 9 6 1507 950 65 7 26.638527 eee5 1 3 1 9 7 1594 951 36 6 21.900406 ee5 1 3 1 9 8 1651 950 65 7 21.900406 ees5 1 3 1 9 9 1717 950 28 15 51.345867 _.5 1 3 1 9 10 1770 930 72 32 73.181740 370,5 1 3 1 9 11 1857 930 70 32 93.125580 551,5 1 3 1 9 12 1941 917 73 52 96.499832 661,5 1 3 1 9 13 2027 926 63 35 95.638298 8194 1 3 1 10 0 795 958 1295 66 -1 5 1 3 1 10 1 795 997 3 2 85.501617 -5 1 3 1 10 2 816 978 131 42 96.205063 Offerings 1 3 1 10 3 956 974 101 40 96.065216 unfair5 1 3 1 10 4 1068 960 211 60 72.600952 inducements5 1 3 1 10 5 1291 962 39 43 95.494675 to5 1 3 1 10 6 1338 958 145 66 95.110710 purchases 1 3 1 10 7 1496 977 113 27 92.842682 ordeal5 1 3 1 10 8 1651 997 208 7 84.324478 ........5 1 3 1 10 9 1863 998 25 10 17.819901 -.5 1 3 1 10 10 1909 997 7 6 28.774422 .5 1 3 1 10 11 1931 977 82 34 96.612144 661,5 1 3 1 10 12 2028 973 62 30 96.734337 8194 1 3 1 11 0 808 1010 1282 52 -1 5 1 3 1 11 1 808 1010 142 52 96.004234 Securing5 1 3 1 11 2 960 1016 103 42 96.680138 agents5 1 3 1 11 3 1076 1016 37 35 96.989990 or5 1 3 1 11 4 1122 1016 247 42 96.317360 representatives5 1 3 1 11 5 1381 1019 47 37 93.289452 by5 1 3 1 11 6 1435 1017 297 40 92.570488 misrepresentations 1 3 1 11 7 1766 1020 94 30 0.000000 |...5 1 3 1 11 8 1882 1043 34 7 0.000000 ..5 1 3 1 11 9 1934 1043 69 10 0.000000 ~..5 1 3 1 11 10 2028 1022 62 37 94.246986 8194 1 3 1 12 0 764 1062 1319 58 -1 5 1 3 1 12 1 764 1070 244 33 96.319534 Endorsements,5 1 3 1 12 2 1021 1071 143 33 96.171036 approvals 1 3 1 12 3 1176 1070 61 28 96.171036 ands 1 3 1 12 4 1248 1070 209 32 96.570282 testimonials,5 1 3 1 12 5 1471 1065 171 55 72.675659 advertising5 1 3 1 12 6 1661 1065 106 50 96.195244 falsely5 1 3 1 12 7 2072 1062 11 11 27.388237 “4 1 3 1 13 0 797 1112 1293 40 -1 5 1 3 1 13 1 797 1118 69 39 88.979095 -ands 1 3 1 13 2 879 1117 262 43 94.316422 misrepresenting5 1 3 1 13 3 1164 1136 92 7 0.000000 «6.5 1 3 1 13 4 1292 1136 51 7 0.000000 eo5 1 3 1 13 5 1393 1136 65 7 30.101318 eee5 1 3 1 13 6 1480 1136 64 7 29.798904 eet5 1 3 1 13 7 1581 1136 49 7 33.546127 ee5 1 3 1 13 8 1663 1136 109 7 32.265839 ene5 1 3 1 13 9 1789 1112 126 40 25.729782 ses.5 1 3 1 13 10 1942 1115 72 32 95.635872 124,5 1 3 1 13 11 2027 1115 63 27 95.775726 8304 1 3 1 14 0 758 1133 1053 74 -1 5 1 3 1 14 1 758 1148 139 59 96.114243 Enforces 1 3 1 14 2 907 1161 35 29 96.596893 or5 1 3 1 14 3 955 1156 85 46 96.980423 brings 1 3 1 14 4 1049 1155 98 35 96.718056 about5 1 3 1 14 5 1158 1156 95 34 96.744568 resales 1 3 1 14 6 1262 1150 81 50 96.751831 prices 1 3 1 14 7 1356 1133 221 68 95.104286 maintenance,5 1 3 1 14 8 1575 1136 181 65 50.192242 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